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Cfx96 real time system instrument

Manufactured by Bio-Rad
Sourced in United States, Japan

The CFX96 real-time system instrument is a thermal cycler designed for real-time PCR (polymerase chain reaction) applications. It is capable of precisely controlling temperature and monitoring fluorescence in sample wells during the amplification process. The instrument provides accurate data collection and analysis for quantitative gene expression studies, genotyping, and other real-time PCR applications.

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19 protocols using cfx96 real time system instrument

1

Real-Time qRT-PCR for mRNA and miRNA

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Total RNA was extracted using TRIzol reagent (Thermo Fisher SCIENTIFIC), and cDNA was synthesized from one µg of RNA using random primers and iScript cDNA synthesis kit (Bio-Rad Laboratories, Hercules, CA, USA). mRNA levels were quantified using IQ SYBR green supermix (Bio-Rad Laboratories) on the CFX96 real-time system instrument (Bio-Rad). Specific primers located in different exons of the same gene were designed to detect relative mRNA levels. The housekeeping β-2 microglobulin or c-ABL genes were used for internal normalization. All the PCR reactions were performed in triplicate, and PCR products were also visualized on agarose gels after ethidium bromide staining. The oligonucleotide sequences are reported in Supplemental Table S2. Relative fold variations were calculated using the 2ΔΔCt method by the formula: 2−(sampleΔCt − controlΔCt), where ΔCt is the difference between the amplification fluorescent thresholds of the gene of interest and the internal reference gene/s used for normalization [39 (link)].
To detect the levels of mature miR-128, total RNA was prepared with TRIzol reagent (Thermo Fisher SCIENTIFIC) and miR amounts were evaluated by using the TaqMan miRNA assay kit (Thermo Fisher SCIENTIFIC). For normalization of RNA levels, the amounts of small nucleolar RNA RNU6 (Thermo Fisher SCIENTIFIC) were measured [39 (link)].
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2

Quantitative RT-PCR for Gene Expression

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Total RNA from tissues and cells was isolated with TRIzol Reagent (Thermo FisherSCIENTIFIC) following the manufacturer’s instruction. cDNA was synthesized from one µg of RNA using SensiFAST cDNA Synthesis Kit (Bio-Line, Aurogene, Italy). mRNA levels were quantified using SensiFAST SYBR No-ROX (Bio-Line) on the CFX96 real-time system instrument (Bio-Rad, Hercules, CA, USA). All the PCR reactions were performed in triplicate and the protocol was carried out according to the manufacturer’s instructions. The housekeeping Gapdh or c-Abl genes were used for internal normalization. The sequences of mouse primers used in this study are reported in Supplemental Table S1. Relative fold variations were calculated using the 2−ΔΔCt method.
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3

Quantitative Gene Expression Analysis

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Total cellular RNA was extracted using TRIzol (Invitrogen) according to manufacturer’s instructions, and 1 μg of RNA and random hexamers were used to synthesize cDNA using SuperScript II reverse transcription (ThermoFisher). PCR primers were purchased from Keck Oligo Synthesis Resource (Yale University) and used in PCRs with KAPA SYBR FAST qPCR Master Mix (Kapa Biosystems) on a CFX96 Real-Time System instrument (Bio-Rad). Relative gene expression was calculated using the ΔΔCq method and normalized to GAPDH or MS2 expression. Values are represented as the fold change compared to the control transfection values (siCTRL). Primer sequences are available in Table S2.
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4

Hepatic RNA Isolation and qRT-PCR Analysis

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RNA isolation and RT-PCR were performed as previously described (Xin et al., 2018 (link)). Briefly, the same amount (15 mg) of each hepatic sample was homogenized in liquid nitrogen, and total RNA was isolated using the miRNeasy mini kit (Qiagen, Hilden, Germany). Complementary DNA (cDNA) synthesis was performed using reverse transcription with a PrimeScript RT reagent kit (TaKaRa, Dalian, China). Differences in gene expression were determined using qRT-PCR. Polymerase chain reaction quantification of each sample was performed in triplicate, and SYBR Green fluorescence (TaKaRa) was quantified using the CFX96 real-time system instrument (Bio-Rad, Hercules, CA, United States). Primer sequences for the ER stress-associated genes are listed in Supplementary Table S1. Relative expression levels were calculated using the 2−ΔΔCt method, with β-actin as the reference.
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5

Quantifying Gene Expression in Tumor Lysates

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RNA was extracted from tumor lysates using the TRIzol reagent (Life Technologies) and the PureLink RNA Mini Kit (Thermo Fisher Scientific) according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Pre-amplified cDNA from tumor lysates was made using the SuperScript III First Strand cDNA Synthesis Kit (Thermo Fisher Scientific) according to the manufacturer’s protocol. qPCR was then performed on a CFX96 Real-Time System instrument (Biorad) by using the pre-amplified cDNA for the target genes. qPCR analysis was performed using Power-Up SYBR green mastermix (Thermo Fisher Scientific). Relative gene expression was calculated as previously described 18 (link). In brief, Rpl19 was used as housekeeping genes to generate ΔCt. ΔCt values from untreated mice were used as a reference for the treatment groups to generate ΔΔCt, and relative gene expression was calculated as 2(−ΔΔCt). All reactions were run in duplicate. Primers are listed in Table S1.
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6

RNA Extraction and RT-qPCR Analysis

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Total RNA of FACS-purified HCT116 transfectants was prepared using RNeasy Mini kits (Qiagen). RT-qPCR analysis was performed using PrimeScript High Fidelity RT-PCR kit (Takara Bio Inc) with SYBYR Gold (Thermo Fisher Scientific) and a CFX96 Real-Time system instrument (Bio-Rad, Hercules, CA, USA).
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7

Quantitative Gene Expression Analysis

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Total RNA was immediately prepared from leaves and petals of wild type (WT) plants, and eYGFPuv- and eYGFP-expressing plants using the RNeasy Plant Mini Kit (Qiagen), following the manufacturer’s instructions. First-strand complementary DNAs (cDNAs) were synthesized by the ReverTra Ace qPCR RT Master Mix with gDNA Remover (Toyobo, Osaka, Japan), in accordance with the manufacturer’s instructions. For real-time PCR, we used KOD Dash DNA polymerase (Toyobo) supplemented with SYBYR Gold (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA). Real-time PCR was performed on a CFX96 Real-Time system instrument (Bio-Rad), using the primer pairs listed in Supplementary Table S5. Because most reagents for measuring the activity of anti-oxidative enzymes exhibit a certain fluorescence overlapping that of transgenes40 (link),41 (link), we only measured the mRNA levels of genes coding for the typical anti-oxidative enzymes superoxide dismutase (SOD) and catalase (CAT)30 (link). Transcript levels of fluorescence genes and anti-oxidative enzyme genes were normalized according to that of cyclophilin (CYP), as this gene is more suitable than the conventional GAPDH due to its stable expression regardless tissue or cell specificity, morphogenetic process, and environmental conditions28 (link).
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8

Quantifying Fungal and Endophytic Biomass in Rice

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The fungal and endophytic biomass in rice plants was quantified as described previously with a slight modification (51 (link)). In brief, 0.05-g rice tissues were collected for DNA extraction using a Dzup (plant) genomic DNA isolation reagent kit (Sangon Biotech, Shanghai, China) according to the manufacturer’s specifications. DNA-based quantitative real-time PCR (qRT-PCR) was performed using a CFX96 real-time system instrument (Bio-Rad, USA). The reactions were conducted using SYBR Premix Ex Taq TM II (Tli RnaseH Plus; TaKaRa, Dalian, China) according to the manufacturer’s specifications. The relative fungal growth was calculated using the threshold cycle value (CT) of MoPot2 DNA (an inverted repeat transposon of M. oryzae) against the CT of OsUbq DNA (a rice genomic ubiquitin gene), while the relative OsiSh-2 growth was calculated using the CT of ShRpoA DNA of OsiSh-2 against the CT of OsUbq DNA of rice as a ratio (ShRpoA/OsUbq), represented by the equation 2CT(OsUbq) – CT(ShRpoA), as described in a previous report (51 (link)). The primers for DNA-based qRT-PCR are listed in Table S3.
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9

Quantitative RT-PCR Gene Expression Analysis

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Total RNA was isolated using the Trizol reagent (Life Technologies) and 3 μg total RNA was used to synthesize cDNA using the ReverTra Ace qPCR RT Kit (FSQ-101; TOYOBO) according to the manufacturer's instructions. Quantitative RT-RCR was performed using the SYBR® Green Realtime PCR master mix (TOYOBO) on a CFX96™ Real-Time System instrument (BIO-RAD). Each reaction was run in triplicate to minimize the variation. Gene expression values were normalized to the mean expression of the housekeeping gene GAPDH. Primer sequences are listed in Additional file 1: Table S1.
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10

Relative Quantification of TAMs Markers by RT-qPCR

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For relative quantification of the expression of selected TAMs markers (IDO1, PTGS2, NOS2, ARG1, and CD163), we performed RT-qPCR. Firstly, total RNA was treated by DNase and then reverse transcribed using M-MLV Reverse Transcriptase (both Promega, Madison, WI, USA), according to the manufacturer’s instructions. The qPCR reactions were performed in 10 µL volume of the reaction mixture in duplicates using Xceed qPCR SG 2x Mix Lo-ROX (IAB, Prague, Czech Republic), 0.4 µM primers, and 2 µL of 4 × diluted cDNA on a CFX96 Real-Time System instrument (Bio-Rad, Hercules, CA, USA). The reaction conditions were as follows: 3 min at 95 °C followed by 40 cycles of 10 s at 95 °C and 30 s at 60 °C. All reactions were followed by a melting curve analysis. The β-glucuronidase (GUS) and actin beta (ACTB) genes were used as the reference genes for normalization. The sequences of primers are listed in Table 1. The obtained amplification plots were analyzed by Bio-Rad CFX Maestro (Bio-Rad, Hercules, CA, USA). The relative quantification was done by the GenEx v.6 software (MultiD Analyses AB, Gothenburg, Sweden) using the ∆∆Ct method.
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