We purchased Apigenin (pCode: S2262070005001; CAS number: S2262; lot ID: S226207) and Naringenin (pCode: S2394020002501; CAS number: S2394; lot ID: S239402) from Selleck Chemicals LLC. Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO, Sigma-Aldrich) (pCode: 102125675; CAS number: 67-68-5; lot ID: WXBC7821V) was utilized to prepare the mother solution of 100 mM and 50 mM of Api and Nar, respectively. Then, the cells were incubated with varying concentrations of Api, Nar, or CoAN (combining Api and Nar Api and Nar). CoAN concentration was determined as the sum of Api and Nar concentrations. For example, to prepare a CoAN solution with a concentration of 50 μM and an A/N ratio of 3:2, the concentrations of Api and Nar would be 30 μM and 20 μM, respectively. The DMSO (v/v) was less than 0.01%.
Naringenin
Manufactured by Selleck Chemicals
Sourced in China
Naringenin is a flavonoid compound commonly found in citrus fruits. It functions as a chemical standard for analytical purposes, providing a reference point for the identification and quantification of similar compounds in samples.
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Lab products found in correlation
Apigenin, by Selleck Chemicals (1 mentions)
Hesperetin, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
3 4 5 dimethylthiazol 2 yl 2 5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide mtt assay kit, by Abcam (1 mentions)
Dimethyl sulfoxide (dmso), by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Triton x 100, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Dithiothreitol (dtt), by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Staurosporine, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Heparin, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Penicillin, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Streptomycin, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Dulbecco s modified eagle s medium, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Epigallocatechin gallate (egcg), by Selleck Chemicals (1 mentions)
Prodan, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Non essential amino acids (neaa), by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
4 6 diamidino 2 phenylindole (dapi), by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Bafilomycin a1, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
Nh4cl, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
4 protocols using naringenin
1
Apigenin and Naringenin Combination Bioactivity
2
Flavonoid Effects on LDLR and Apoptosis
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Epigallocatechin gallate (E4143), daidzein (D7802), delphinidin chloride (43725), catechin (43412), apigenin (10798), kaempferol (60010), genistein (G6649), quercetin (Q4951), and hesperetin (W431300) were obtained from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, MO). Naringenin (S2394) and nobiletin (S2333) were obtained from Selleck Chemicals (Houston, TX), and cyanidin chloride (sc-202559) was from BioMed (Heidelberg, Germany). Most flavonoids had a purity above 98%. However, epigallocatechin gallate, delphinidin, apigenin, hesperetin, and quercetin had a purity above 95%. The flavonoids were dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO; Sigma Aldrich), contained under argon gas and added to cells in a low light environment. Actinomycin D (A1410), cycloheximide, and dithiothreitol (D0632) were obtained from Sigma Aldrich. Antibody against LDLR (3839-100) was purchased from BioVision (Milpitas, CA), and antibody against β-actin (AB8227) was from Abcam (Cambridge, UK). Anti-LDLR IgG-C7 (#61087) used in flow cytometry was purchased from Progen Biotechnik GmbH (Heidelberg, Germany), while antibody against Poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase (PARP) was obtained from Cell signaling (Danvers, MA), and staurosporine was from Sigma-Aldrich (S4400). 3-[4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl]-2,5 diphenyl tetrazolium bromide (MTT) assay kit was purchased from Abcam (ab21091), and Triton X-100 was from Sigma-Aldrich.
3
Evaluating Schisandra Sphenanthera Compounds
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Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM), fetal bovine serum (FBS), L-glutamine, non-essential amino acids (NAAs), streptomycin and penicillin from GIBCO-Invitrogen (Carlsbad, CA), heparin, bafilomycin A1, NH4Cl, 2-Oleoyl-1-palmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phospho-choline (POPC) and cholesterol from Sigma-Aldrich Corporation (St Louis, MO) and 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI) from Invitrogen (Carlsbad, CA) were used in this study. HCV NS3-4A serine protease inhibitor telaprevir, NS5A inhibitor dasatinib, HCV assembly inhibitor naringenin and (-)-epigallocatechin gallate (EGCG) were purchased from Selleck Chemicals (Houston, TX). Fluorescent dye Prodan was from Molecular Probes (Invitrogen, Carlsbad, CA). SZA and other natural compounds were extracted and isolated from the fruits of Schisandra sphenanthera Rehd. et Wils. as previously described30 . The schisandra fruits were collected in Yunnan province and identified as dry fruits by professor Han-Ming Zhang. For the detailed procedures (see Supplementary materials and methods ).
4
Naringenin Attenuates High-Fat Diet-Induced Obesity
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The chow diet consists of 20.25% protein, 7.25% fat, and 62% carbohydrates (Xietong Biology, Nanjing, China). High-fat diet (HFD) consists of 22% protein, 27% fat, and 41% carbohydrates (Xietong Biology). Naringenin was purchased from Selleck (Shanghai, China). In this study, the animals were divided into five groups. The rats in the control group were fed a chow diet for 16 weeks. The rats in HFD were fed HFD for 16 weeks. The rats in Naringenin (25 mg/kg) group were fed with HFD for 16 weeks and administrated with 25 mg/kg Naringenin in the last 4 weeks. The rats in Naringenin (50 mg/kg) were fed with HFD for 16 weeks and administrated with 50 mg/kg Naringenin in the last 4 weeks. The rats in Naringenin (100 mg/kg) were fed with HFD for 16 weeks and administrated with 100 mg/kg Naringenin in the last 4 weeks. The Naringenin was dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide. For the control and HFD groups, the rats were administrated with an equal volume of dimethyl sulfoxide in the last 4 weeks.
Bodyweight was measured and recorded every 2 weeks. At the end of the experimental period (16 weeks), the rats were utilized and the plasma was collected. Besides, the fat tissue (epididymal and perirenal fat) was removed and weighed. Hypothalamus was collected and stored in liquid nitrogen for further assays.
Bodyweight was measured and recorded every 2 weeks. At the end of the experimental period (16 weeks), the rats were utilized and the plasma was collected. Besides, the fat tissue (epididymal and perirenal fat) was removed and weighed. Hypothalamus was collected and stored in liquid nitrogen for further assays.
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