A Milli-Q ultrapure water system manufactured by Millipore (Milford, UT, USA) was used throughout experiments to provide the HPLC-grade water that was employed during analysis and to hydrate the rape flower samples. Ultragradient HPLC-grade acetonitrile and methanol were obtained from Tedia (Shanghai, China). Formic acid, acetic acid, anhydrous magnesium sulfate (MgSO4), and sodium acetate (NaOAc) were supplied by Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). PSA (primary and secondary amine-bonded silica), C18 (octadecyl-bonded silica) and GCB (graphitized carbon black) were purchased from Agilent Technologies (Santa Clara, CA, USA).
Reference standards of imidacloprid (purity, 98%), thiamethoxam (purity, 95%), acetamiprid (purity, 95%), fenpropathrin (purity, 98.5%), chlorpyrifos (purity, 98%), carbendazim (purity, 95%), prochloraz (purity, 98%) and pyrimethanil (purity, 95%) were obtained from Dr. Ehrenstorfer GmbH (Augsburg, Germany).
Formulated pesticides of imidacloprid 10% wettable powder (WP), thiamethoxam 25% water-dispersible granules (WDG), acetamiprid 20% WP, fenpropathrin 20% emulsifiable concentrate (EC), chlorpyrifos 40% EC, carbendazim 80% WP, prochloraz 25% EC, and pyrimethanil 40% suspension concentrate (SC) were purchased from the agricultural market located in Hefei, Anhui, China.
Reference standards of imidacloprid (purity, 98%), thiamethoxam (purity, 95%), acetamiprid (purity, 95%), fenpropathrin (purity, 98.5%), chlorpyrifos (purity, 98%), carbendazim (purity, 95%), prochloraz (purity, 98%) and pyrimethanil (purity, 95%) were obtained from Dr. Ehrenstorfer GmbH (Augsburg, Germany).
Formulated pesticides of imidacloprid 10% wettable powder (WP), thiamethoxam 25% water-dispersible granules (WDG), acetamiprid 20% WP, fenpropathrin 20% emulsifiable concentrate (EC), chlorpyrifos 40% EC, carbendazim 80% WP, prochloraz 25% EC, and pyrimethanil 40% suspension concentrate (SC) were purchased from the agricultural market located in Hefei, Anhui, China.