Polyvinylidene fluoride (pvdf)

Manufactured by MTI Corporation

Sourced in Belgium, United States

PVDF (Polyvinylidene Fluoride) is a fluoropolymer material commonly used in the manufacturing of lab equipment. It is known for its chemical resistance, mechanical strength, and thermal stability. PVDF is often utilized in the fabrication of pipettes, tubing, and other lab apparatus due to its inert properties and ability to withstand a wide range of chemicals and temperatures.

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Lab products found in correlation

7 protocols using polyvinylidene fluoride (pvdf)

Electrode Fabrication and Characterization

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The electrode material
was formed from a mixture of active material, electronically conductive
carbon black C-NERGY Super C65 (Imerys Graphite & Carbon, Belgium),
and polyvinylidene fluoride (MTI Corporation, USA) as a binder, in
a ratio of 8:1:1. The materials were ground using an Agate pestle
and mortar for 15 min. A slurry was made by adding NMP (N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone) (Merck, Germany) and mixed using a Thinky
ARE-250 mixer (Intertronics, UK). The slurry was cast on carbon-coated
aluminum foil using an MTI MSK-AFA-L800 tape caster (MTI Corporation,
USA) and dried at 80 °C before being transferred to an 80 °C
vacuum oven for a minimum of 16 h. Cathodes were cut to 12 mm using
an MTI disc cutter (MTI Corporation, USA). CR2032 SS316 coin cells
were assembled using the cathodes, 16 mm separators cut from the Whatman
glass microfiber (GF/F grade) (Merck, Germany), and precut 15.6 mm
lithium chips of 0.25 mm thickness (Cambridge Energy Solutions Ltd.,
UK) were used as the anode. The electrolyte was 1 M LiPF₆ in ethylene carbonate and ethyl methyl carbonate, 3:7 v/v (Solvionic,
France). Cyclic voltammetry (CV) measurements were conducted using
a Biologic VMP-300 potentiostat at room temperature, and the galvanostatic
cycling measurements were conducted using a MACCOR Series 4000 analyzer
(Maccor, USA) at 25 °C.

Martínez de Irujo Labalde X., Lee M.Y., Grievson H., Mortimer J.M., Booth S.G., Suard E., Cussen S.A, & Hayward M.A. (2024). Influence of Cation Substitution on Cycling Stability and Fe-Cation Migration in Li3Fe3–xMxTe2O12 (M = Al, In) Cathode Materials. Inorganic Chemistry, 63(2), 1395-1403.

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Synthesis and Characterization of Zirconium Sulfur Compounds

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Terephthalic acid (98%), 2-aminoterephthalic acid (99%), triethylamine (TEA, ≥99.5%), N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF, ≥99.8%), 1,3-dioxolane (DOL, anhydrous, 99.8%), 1,2-dimethoxyethane (DME, anhydrous, 99.5%), lithium sulfide (99.98%), polyvinylidene Fluoride (PVDF) (MTI corporation), super-P 45 carbon (IMERYS), N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP), and bis(trifluoromethane)sulfonimide lithium salt (LiTFSI, 99.95%) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Chemicals, Burlington, MA, USA. Zirconium (IV) chloride (ZrCl₄, 99.5+%), acetic acid (glacial, 99.9+%), and sulfur powder (sublimed, 100 mesh, 99.5%) were purchased from Alfa Aesar, Tewksbury, MA, USA. Carbon nanotubes (CNTs, –COOH functionalized multiwalled, 95+%) were purchased from Nanostructured & Amorphous Materials Inc, Los Alamos, NM, USA.

Ryu U., Choi W.H., Dong P., Shin J., Song M.K, & Choi K.M. (2021). Comparing Internal and Interparticle Space Effects of Metal–Organic Frameworks on Polysulfide Migration in Lithium–Sulfur Batteries. Nanomaterials, 11(10), 2689.

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Fabrication of LSMCO-Graphene Electrodes

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The electrodes were prepared on a carbon paper cut to a dimension of 40 mm × 10 mm. According to the weight ratio of each electrode (Table 2), LSMCO, GNs (specific surface area 550 m² g^-1, Alfa Aesar), and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF, MTI Corporation, 2 mg) at a total mass of 40 mg were mixed in 0.2 ml dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO, Sigma-Aldrich) by hand grinding for 30 min. 1.0–2.0 mg of the mixed active material was applied to the carbon paper in an area of 1 cm², and heated for 15 min on a hot plate at 150 °C.Table 2

Material ratios used in electrode fabrication.

Electrode	LSMCO (wt%)	Graphene (wt%)
L25G70	25	70
L50G45	50	45
L75G20	75	20

Kim B.M., Kim H.Y., Hong S.W., Choi W.H., Ju Y.W, & Shin J. (2022). Structurally distorted perovskite La0.8Sr0.2Mn0.5Co0.5O3-δ by graphene nanoplatelet and their composite for supercapacitors with enhanced stability. Scientific Reports, 12, 10043.

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Fabrication of Lithium-ion Battery Components

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Lithium ribbon (0.75 mm thick, Sigma‐Aldrich), lithium nickel manganese cobalt oxide (LiNi_xMn_yCo_zO₂, x : y : z=1 : 1 : 1, NMC111, MTI Corporation), 1 M lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF₆) solution in ethyl carbonate (EC) and dimethyl carbonate (DMC) mixture (EC:DMC 1 : 1, v/v) (LP30, Sigma‐Aldrich), N‐methyl‐2‐pyrrolidine (NMP, anhydrous, >99 %, Sigma‐Aldrich) and dimethyl carbonate (DMC, anhydrous, >99 %, Sigma‐Aldrich) were stored in an Ar‐filled glovebox (O₂<0.1 ppm, H₂O<0.5 ppm) and used as received. Lithium cobalt (III) oxide (LiCoO₂, LCO) was purchased from MTI Corporation and calcined at 800 °C in air, then stored in the glovebox prior to use. Super P conductive carbon black (C45, MTI Corporation), poly(vinylidene fluoride) binder (PVDF, MTI Corporation, >99.5 %, M_w∼600,000 g/mol), tetrahydrofuran (THF, 99.5 %, anhydrous, stabilized, ACROS Organics), aluminum oxide (Al₂O₃, 99 %, ACROS Organics), N,N‐dimethylformamide (DMF, 99.8 %, Alfa Aesar), acetonitrile (ACN, 99.7 %, spectrophotometric grade, Alfa Aesar) and dimethyl sulfoxide‐d₆ (DMSO‐d₆, 99.9 % atom D, Cambridge Isotope Laboratories) were stored in ambient conditions and used without further purification. Diethyl ether (anhydrous, ACS reagent, ACROS Organics) was stored at 2–8 °C.

Sarkar A., May R., Ramesh S., Chang W, & Marbella L.E. (2021). Recovery and Reuse of Composite Cathode Binder in Lithium Ion Batteries. ChemistryOpen, 10(5), 545-552.

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Fabrication of Supercapacitor Electrodes

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Supercapacitor working electrodes
consisted of GNSP material and polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF, MTI
Corporation, ≥ 99.5%) binder in an 88:12 ratio and were mixed
in N-methyl-2-pyrrolidinone (NMP, Sigma-Aldrich,
99.5%) in a centrifugal mixer (AR-100 Thinky U.S.A., Inc., Laguna
Hills, CA) at 5000 rpm for 10 min. A thin layer of the resulting slurry
was spread across a stainless-steel spacer (MTI Corporation) with
a spatula and dried at 120 °C in vacuum for 16 h. Two-electrode
2032-coin cells were assembled in an argon-filled glovebox (O₂: < 0.1 ppm, H₂O: < 0.1 ppm). The counter/reference
electrode was lithium foil (Sigma-Aldrich, 99.9%, 0.75 mm, mechanically
cleansed immediately before cell assembly), and the separator was
a propylene separator (Celgard 2400). The electrolyte was 1 M LiPF₆ in propylene carbonate/dimethyl carbonate (1:1 mixture by
volume, both Sigma-Aldrich, ≥99%, stored over molecular sieves,
3 Å, Beantown Chemical), and about eight drops of electrolyte
were used in each coin cell. The electrolyte was mixed in a dried
HDPE bottle.

Bagley J.D., Danielsen D.R, & Yeh N.C. (2021). Significant Capacitance Enhancement via In Situ Exfoliation of Quasi-One-Dimensional Graphene Nanostripes in Supercapacitor Electrodes. ACS Omega, 6(8), 5679-5688.

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Synthesis and Characterization of Solid Electrolytes

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Li₂CO₃ (99.9%, Sigma-Aldrich), La₂O₃ (99.9%, Sigma-Aldrich), ZrO₂ (99.9%, Sigma-Aldrich), Ta₂O₅ (99.9%, Sigma-Aldrich), were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Poly(ethylene glycol) diacrylate (PEGDA, Aladdin, Mv ≈ 1000) phenylbis (2,4,6-trimethylbenzoyl)-phosphine oxide (Aladdin), succinonitrile (Aladdin), and LiTFSI (Sigma-Aldrich) were also purchased. Lithium iron phosphate (LiFePO₄), Ni-rich layered oxides LiNi_0.8Co_0.1Mn_0.1O₂ (NCM811), conductive carbon black (Super-P), Li foil (0.45 mm, 99.9%), Al foil (20 μm, 99.99%), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF) were purchased from MTI Corporation. Aluminum plastic film, tab and sealing machine were purchased from Guangdong Canrd New Energy Technology Co., Ltd.

Mu Y., Yu S., Chen Y., Chu Y., Wu B., Zhang Q., Guo B., Zou L., Zhang R., Yu F., Han M., Lin M., Yang J., Bai J, & Zeng L. (2024). Highly Efficient Aligned Ion-Conducting Network and Interface Chemistries for Depolarized All-Solid-State Lithium Metal Batteries. Nano-Micro Letters, 16, 86.

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Synthesis of Copper-Iron Prussian Blue Analogue

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Micro-size α-MoO₃ (≥99.5%) and N-methyl-2-pyrrolidone were purchased from Honeywell. Sulfuric acid (98%), Phosphoric acid (85%), Polyoxyethylene (23) lauryl ether, Trifluoromethanesulfonic acid (HOTf, >99%), and 1-Ethyl-3-MethylImidazolium Bis (TriFluoroMethylSulfonyl) Imide (EMITFSI, ≥97%) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. Copper sulfate (CuSO₄) pentahydrate and potassium ferricyanide (K₃Fe(CN)₆) were purchased from Fisher Scientific. Conductive carbon Super C65, polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF, ≥99.5%), and titanium foil (thickness of 50 μm, 99.99%) were purchased from MTI corporation. All these chemicals were used as received. The carbon paper was purchased from Fuel Cells Earth and annealed at 500 °C under Argon before use. The glass-fiber separator was purchased from Whatman. Deionized water was used in all the experiments. The CuFe-PBA particles were synthesized following the reported method with some modifications. Typically, 20 mL CuSO₄ solution (0.2 M) was dropped into 20 mL K₃Fe(CN)₆ (0.1 M) solution under magnetic stirring (800 rpm). After 6 h, the precipitate was washed with DI water three times and collected via a centrifugal force of 2012 × g. Then it was frozen and dried at −50 °C under a vacuum condition.

Lei Y., Zhao W., Yin J., Ma Y., Zhao Z., Yin J., Khan Y., Hedhili M.N., Chen L., Wang Q., Yuan Y., Zhang X., Bakr O.M., Mohammed O.F, & Alshareef H.N. (2023). Discovery of a three-proton insertion mechanism in α-molybdenum trioxide leading to enhanced charge storage capacity. Nature Communications, 14, 5490.

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