Stata 12.1 statistical software

Manufactured by StataCorp

Sourced in United States

Stata 12.1 is a statistical software package designed for data analysis, management, and visualization. It provides a range of tools for regression analysis, survey data analysis, time-series analysis, and more. Stata 12.1 is suitable for both small and large-scale data sets.

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9 protocols using stata 12.1 statistical software

Evaluating Caries Risk and Therapy

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For the two outcomes of interest (the percentage of patients with a caries risk assessment and the percentages of high-risk and extreme-risk patients provided anti-caries therapy) we compared outcome percentages by categories of patient and provider characteristics using Pearson's chi-squared test. To assess trends in outcomes over the seven-year period, we compared the slope for the average annual percentage-point increase or decrease against a null-hypothesis that the slope equaled zero (chi-squared test for linear trend). Results were considered statistically significant at p < 0.05. We did not adjust for multiple tests. Analyses were completed using Stata 12.1 statistical software (StataCorp LP, College Station, TX, USA).

Chaffee B.W, & Featherstone J.D. (2015). Long-Term Adoption of Caries Management by Risk Assessment Among Dental Students in a University Clinic. Journal of dental education, 79(5), 539-547.

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Sickle Cell Patients' Communication with Providers

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We compared the proportion of SCD patients reporting poor communication with their healthcare providers over the prior 12-month period to data from a national sample of adult African-American patients in the U.S. from the National Healthcare Quality & Disparities Reports Data Access Tool (NHQRDRnet) available on the AHRQ website. [16 ] To remove any effects of potentially confounding patient characteristics, we conducted stratified analyses whereby we calculated the proportion of SCD study respondents reporting poor communication stratified by age or perceived health status. We then compared differences in the stratified proportion from the SCD study to the corresponding stratified proportion found in the NHQRDRnet system using the binomial test. Exact 95% CIs for the SCD group were calculated and reported for the sample overall and within each strata of the potential confounders.
To correct for the problem of multiple comparisons given the large number of hypotheses tested in this study (32 in all), we applied a Bonferroni correction to the statistical significance level used for the study, resulting in a study p-value < 0.0016 (0.05/32). All analyses were conducted using Stata 12.1 statistical software.[17 ]

Haywood C J.r., Bediako S., Lanzkron S., Diener-West M., Strouse J., Haythornthwaite J., Onojobi G, & Beach M.C. (2014). An Unequal Burden: Poor Patient-Provider Communication and Sickle Cell Disease. Patient education and counseling, 96(2), 159-164.

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Statistical Analysis of Discharge Outcomes

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Discharge to SNFs, rehabilitation facilities, and home were analyzed using logit regressions that were then tested via the linktest to ensure choice of meaningful predictors while avoiding specification error. LOS and total costs were analyzed with ordinary least squares robust regression to account for failures in normality, heteroskedasticity, and large residuals. Statistical significance was assessed at an alpha of 0.05. All data analyses were performed using Stata 12.1 statistical software (StataCorp LP, College Station, TX).

Rudasill S.E., Dattilo J.R., Liu J., Nelson C.L, & Kamath A.F. (2018). Do illness rating systems predict discharge location, length of stay, and cost after total hip arthroplasty?. Arthroplasty Today, 4(2), 210-215.

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Statistical Analysis Methods in Research

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Mean and standard deviation for continuous variables and relative frequency (%) were used as indices of centrality and dispersion of the distribution for categorical variables. For associations between the categorical variables, we used the χ 2 test or Fisher's exact test, depending on the number of observations. For those variables that, when measured on a continuous scale, were not normally distributed, the Wilcoxon rank-sum test (Mann-Whitney and Kruskal-Wallis rank test) was used. When testing the null hypothesis of no association, the probability level of an α error, twotailed, was 0.05. All statistical computations were made using STA-TA 12.1 Statistical Software (StataCorp) 2014, release 12 (College Station, TX, USA).

Di Pinto F., Armentano R., Arborea G., Schena N., Donghia R, & Valentini A.M. (2020). Are Immunohistochemical Markers Useful in Phenotypic Gastric Cancer Classification?. Oncology, 98(8).

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Intravitreal Dexamethasone for Post-Vitrectomy Cystoid Macular Edema

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The qualitative variables are presented as frequencies and percentages, while the quantitative data is presented as means ± standard deviations. No formal sample size calculation was performed. For assessing the change in BCVA and CMT over follow-up, the non-parametric test known as the Wilcoxon rank-sum test was used. All statistical tests were performed at the p < 0.05 significance level. Univariate and multivariate regression models were performed to assess the relationship between BCVA and CMT at 6 months after DEX-I and each independent variable. The independent variables included gender, age, lens status, glaucoma disease, RRD-macular status, days between vitrectomy and CME onset, time duration of topical therapy, including NSAIDs and steroids, and days between vitrectomy and DEX-I. Statistical analysis was made using STATA 12.1 Statistical Software (StataCorp), 2014, release 12 (College Station, TX, USA).

Pignatelli F., Nacucchi A., Niro A., Gigliola S., Passidomo F., Donghia R, & Addabbo G. (2023). Intravitreal Dexamethasone Implant at the Time of Silicon Oil Removal to Treat Persistent Macular Edema after Rhegmatogenous Retinal Detachment Repair. Journal of Clinical Medicine, 12(4), 1697.

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Clinical and Brain Volumetric Comparisons

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Consistent with our study design, we calculated median, 25th percentile, and 75th percentile—as well as mean and standard deviation—for continuous variables, and frequency and percent for categorical variables. To compare groups, we report p-values from the Mann–Whitney U-test (continuous variables) and Fisher's exact test (categorical variables). Multivariate logistic regression was performed to explore the correlation of age, age at disease onset, duration of disease, RBD, cognitive impairment, and DAs between clinical groups while adjusting for covariate gender. To avoid collinearity, we did not include covariates age, age at disease onset, or duration of disease simultaneously in a logistic regression model. All statistical analyses were performed at the conventional two-tailed alpha level of 0.05 using Stata-12.1 statistical software (StataCorp LP). Brain gray matter volumetric measurements were compared between groups using a two-tailed t-test in Matlab software package (Mathworks).

Barrell K., Bureau B., Turcano P., Phillips G.D., Anderson J.S., Malik A., Shprecher D., Zorn M., Zamrini E, & Savica R. (2018). High-Order Visual Processing, Visual Symptoms, and Visual Hallucinations: A Possible Symptomatic Progression of Parkinson's Disease. Frontiers in Neurology, 9, 999.

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Statistical Analysis Methods in Research

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Mean and SD for continuous variables, and relative frequency for
categorical variables, were used as indices of centrality and dispersion of the
distribution. For categorical variables, the Chi-square and z test for
proportions were used. The Wilcoxon rank-sum (Mann-Whitney) test was to test the
difference between two categories, and the Kruskal-Wallis rank test to test the
difference among categories.
Logistic regression model was to evaluate the associations between PVT
(No/Yes) on single variables examined.
Final multiple linear or logistic regression models were obtained with
the backward stepwise method and the variables that showed associations with
p<0.10 were left in the models.
When testing the null hypothesis of no association, the probability level
of α error, two tailed, was 0.05. All the statistical computations were
made using STATA 12.1 Statistical Software (StataCorp) 2014, release 12 (College
Station, TX).

Carr B.I., Akkiz H., Guerra V., Üsküdar O., Kuran S., Karaoğullarından Ü., Tokmak S., Ballı T., Ülkü A., Akçam T., Delik A., Arslan B., Doran F., Yalçın K., Altntaş E., Özakyol A., Yücesoy M., Bahçeci H.İ., Polat K.Y., Ekinci N., Şimşek H., Örmeci N., Sonsuz A., Demir M., Kılıç M., Uygun A., Demir A., Yilmaz S, & Tokat Y. (2018). C-reactive protein and hepatocellular carcinoma: analysis of its relationships to tumor factors. Clinical practice (London, England), 15(Spec Issue), 625-634.

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Statistical Analysis of PVT Factors

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Mean and SD for continuous variables and relative frequency for categorical variables were used as indices of centrality and dispersion of the distribution. For categorical variables, the Chi-square and z test for proportions were used. The Wilcoxon rank-sum (Mann–Whitney) test was to test the difference between two categories and the Kruskal-Wallis rank test to test the difference among categories.
Logistic regression model was to evaluate the associations between PVT (No/Yes) on single variables examined.
Final multiple linear or logistic regression models were obtained with the backward stepwise method and the variables that showed associations with p<0.10 were left in the models.
When testing the null hypothesis of no association, the probability level of α error, two tailed, was 0.05. All the statistical computations were made using STATA 12.1 Statistical Software (StataCorp), 2014, release 12 (College Station, TX).

Akkiz H., Carr B.I., Kuran S., Karaoğullarından Ü., Üsküdar O., Tokmak S., Arslan B., Doran F., Balli H.T., Ülkü A., Akçam T.A., Bahçeci H.İ., Polat K.Y., Örmeci N., Şimşek H., Sonsuz A., Demir A., Altıntaş E., Demir M., Yalçın K., Ekinci N., Harmancı Özakyol A., Yücesoy M., Uygun A., Guerra V., Delik A., Tokat Y., Yilmaz S., Bektaş A, & Kılıç M. (2018). Macroscopic Portal Vein Thrombosis in HCC Patients. Canadian Journal of Gastroenterology & Hepatology, 2018, 3120185.

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Association of Depression with Vascular Disease

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Summary statistics were reported and data were assessed for normality by skewness and kurtosis. Normally distributed continuous variables were analyzed using the Student’s t-test. Continuous variables that were not normally distributed were compared using the Mann-Whitney U test. Dichotomous variable comparisons were performed using Fisher’s exact test. Univariable regression analyses were performed using TBR as a primary outcome and depression status as an independent variable. In the same fashion, univariable regression analyses were performed using total and non-calcified plaque burden as secondary outcomes and depression status as the independent variable. Multivariable linear regression analyses were performed between depression status and TBR, and between depression status and total and non-calcified plaque burden, adjusting for established cardiovascular risk factors in the form of Framingham risk scores. We reported beta coefficients and p-values for all of the regression models. All statistical analyses were conducted using STATA 12.1 statistical software (StataCorp, College Station, TX, USA).

Aberra T.M., Joshi A.A., Lerman J.B., Rodante J.A., Dahiya A.K., Teague H.L., Ng Q., Silverman J.I., Sorokin A.V., Salahuddin T., Lockshin B.N., Ahlman M.A., Playford M.P., Chen M.Y., Gelfand J.M, & Mehta N.N. (2016). Self-reported depression in psoriasis is associated with subclinical vascular diseases. Atherosclerosis, 251, 219-225.

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