Reaction tubes and pipette tips

Pronase and methylene blue were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (Taufkirchen, Germany). NaCl, KCl, MgSO₄, Ca(NO₃)₂, and 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)-1-piperazineethanesulfonic acid (HEPES) were obtained from Carl Roth (Karlsruhe, Germany). Tryptophan-d₅ was obtained from Alsachim (Illkirch Graffenstaden, France). Telmisartan-d₇ was purchased from Sigma (Taufkirchen, Germany). Trimipramin-d₃, bisoprolol-d₅, furosemide, glibenclamid and hydrochlorothiazide were obtained from LGC (Wesel, Germany). Ammonium formate, ammonium acetate (both analytical grade), formic acid (LC–MS grade), d-glucose-d₇ and palmitic acid-d₃₁ were purchased from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). Acetonitrile (ACN, LC–MS grade), methanol (MeOH, LC–MS grade), and all other chemicals and reagents (analytical grade) were from VWR (Darmstadt, Germany). Chloroform (analytical reagent grade) was from Fisher (Schwerte, Germany). Deionized water was produced by a Millipore system (18.2 Ω × cm water resistance) from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). Reaction tubes and pipette tips were obtained from Sarstedt (Nümbrecht, Germany). 2 mL homogenizer tubes prefilled with acid washed 0.5 mm glass beads were obtained from Biozym (Hess, Germany).

α-PBP and α-PEP were provided by the Bavarian State Criminal Police Office (Munich, Germany). Water was purified with a Millipore filtration unit (which purifies water to a resistance of 18.2 Ω × cm). Cryopreserved, differentiated HepaRG cells, 96-well plates coated with type I collagen, fetal bovine serum, Williams’ E Medium, GlutaMAX, supplement HPRG620, and supplement HPRG670 were from Life Invitrogen (Darmstadt, Germany). Penicillin and streptomycin were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Taufkirchen, Germany), tryptophan-d₅ was purchased from Alsachim (Illkirch Graffenstaden, France), acetonitrile (LC–MS grade), ammonium formate (analytical grade), formic acid (LC–MS grade), methanol (LC–MS grade), and all other chemicals and reagents (analytical grade) were from VWR (Darmstadt, Germany). Reaction tubes and pipette tips were obtained from Sarstedt (Nümbrecht, Germany).