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15 protocols using antibiotic antimyotic

1

Eosinophil Degranulation Assay with IgG

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As previously described 1 ,3 , peripheral blood eosinophils were cultured at 1×106/ml in medium, termed RPMI 10% FBS (consisting of RPMI 1640 with L-glutamine and 25 mM HEPES (Corning, Corning, NY), 10% FBS (Gibco, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Verona, WI, USA) with antibiotic/antimyotic (Gibco), 2mM L-glutamine (Gibco) and 100 mg/ml ciprofloxacin-HCL) with IL3 (4 ng/ml, R&D Systems Inc., Minneapolis, MN, USA) for 20 h. After 20 h stimulation with IL3, eosinophils were washed and suspended at 1×106/ml in fresh medium (no cytokine), and 1 ml was added to a 24-well plate, which had been coated overnight with heat-aggregated human serum immunoglobulin G (HAIgG, 10μg/ml; 500μl/well; Sigma, I-2511) and saturated with 0.1 % gelatin for 30 min at 37 °C. Heat aggregation of human IgG was performed in PBS for 30 min at 63 °C. IL3-preactivated eosinophils were also seeded on uncoated (no HAIgG) wells, as the negative control for eosinophil degranulation. After a 6 h incubation, the two types of supernatant fluids (conditioned media: IL3 and IL3 on HA-IgG (IL3-HAIgG)) were harvested and stored at −80 °C, before analysis by ELISA for EDN, IL8, and IL6 release, and before addition on cultured HBF.
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2

Evaluating Cell Death and Uptake of CNTs

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The Met5A human mesothelial cell line, immortalized with SV40, was used. M199 containing 10% fetal bovine serum (#S1780, Biowest; Nuaillé, France) and 1% antibiotic-antimyotic (#15240-062, GIBCO; Grand Island, NY) was used in a humidified incubator with 5% CO2 at 37 °C. Cells were used within two months after thawing. For cell death assay, we plated cells at a density of 1×104 cells/cm2 48 h prior to the addition of each material in 96-well plates. The cell death detection assay (LDH assay kit, Sigma Aldrich; St. Louis, MO) was performed 48 h after addition of material and analyzed with a plate reader (Power Scan 4, DS Pharma Biomedical; Osaka, Japan). In the evaluation of cellular uptake, cells were observed 48 h after exposure of CNTs by phase contrast microscopy (BZ-9000, Keyence; Osaka, Japan).
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3

Isolation of Neonatal Rat Cardiomyocytes

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Primary neonatal rat ventricular cardiomyocytes (NRCs) were isolated from the ventricles of 1–2-day old Sprague–Dawley rat pups as previously described [48 (link),49 (link)]; 1.5 × 106 cells per 10-cm plate were grown in DMEM (Gibco) containing 2% FBS (Gibco) and 1% antibiotic-antimyotic (Gibco). Cells were treated with or without tunicamycin 72 h post-infection. All cell culture treatments were repeated in three independent experiments.
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4

Generating Gemcitabine-Resistant Pancreatic Cancer Cells

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All cell lines used in this study were maintained in RPMI 1640 (Gibco, Waltham, MA) supplemented with 5% fetal bovine serum and 1% Antibiotic-Antimyotic (Gibco). MIA PaCa-2 pancreatic cancer cells (MiaS) and CAFs constitutively expressing GFP were graciously provided by the Yeh laboratory (University of North Carolina [UNC]). To create the gemcitabine-resistant MiaR cells, wild-type MIA PaCa-2 cells were first cultured in media containing 5 nM gemcitabine. After 2 weeks, cells were switched to gemcitabine-free media for 1 week. Cells were then exposed to media containing gemcitabine at increasing concentrations. This process was continued for 4 months, until the cells could be indefinitely cultured in media containing 50 nM gemcitabine. As shown in Supplemental Figure S1, the MiaR cells showed a fivefold increase in resistance to gemcitabine compared with MiaS cells, with IC50 values of 8.7 and 38.7 nM, respectively.
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5

Influenza A Virus Cell Culture

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Raw 264.7 cells were maintained in RPMI 1640 supplemented with 10% FBS (Fetal Bovine Serum, Gibco, Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA) and 1% antibiotic-anti-myotic (Gibco, Grand Island, NY, USA) at 37 °C, 5% CO2 in humidified air. Influenza A (A/PR/8/34) and GFP-tagged A/PR/8/34 (A/PR/8/34-GFP) viruses were used in the previous studies [15 (link)].
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6

Quantifying TDP-43 Aggregation in HEK293T Cells

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HEK293T cells were from ATCC (Cat# CRL-3216 RRID:CVCL_0063) and have been authenticated by the vendor and were not contaminated by mycoplasma. HEK-293T cells were maintained in Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium, high glucose (Gibco) containing 10% fetal bovine serum (Life Sciences), 1% non-essential amino acids (Gibco), and 1% antibiotic-antimyotic (Gibco). Cells were plated in gelatin-coated 6-well plates at a density of 3 × 106 cells/plate 24 hr before transfection. Cells were transfected with 2 µg total DNA and 7.35 µl polyethylenimine HCl MAX transfection reagent (Polysciences, Inc). Wells co-transfected with mClover3-TDPΔNLS and HSP104 variants received 1 µg of each plasmid. Media was changed 6 hr post-transfection to media containing 1 µg/ml of doxycycline hyclate (Sigma-Aldrich) to induce transgene expression. Transfected cells were lifted every 24 hr over 2 days, at which point cells were analyzed by FACS (FACSAria Fusion BD). Cells were gated to have a narrow range of FCS and SSC values and to be fluorescence positive. TDP-43 aggregation was quantified by comparing the height (FITC-H) to the width (FITC-W) of the fluorescence channel using 488 nm laser and FITC filters.
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7

Culturing of Cell Lines for FcRn Studies

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HEK293E cells (ATCC, Manassas, VA, USA) and the J558L murine myeloma cell line stably producing NIP-specific hIgG1-IHH were cultured in RPMI 1640 (Sigma-Aldrich) supplemented with 10% heat-inactivated fetal calf serum (FCS) (Sigma-Aldrich), 2 mM l-glutamine, 25 μg/ml streptomycin, and 25 U/ml penicillin (all from Bio Whittaker). The parental human microvascular endothelial cell line (WT HMEC1) and HMEC1 stably expressing HA-hFcRn-EGFP (HMEC1-hFcRn)38 (link) were grown in MCDB 131 medium (Gibco) supplemented with 10% heat-inactivated FCS, 2 mM l-glutamine and 25 µg/ml streptomycin, and 25 U/ml penicillin, 10 ng/ml mouse epidermal growth factor (PeproTech) and 1 µg/ml hydrocortisone (Sigma-Aldrich). Medium for HMEC1-hFcRn was also supplemented with 5 µg/ml blasticidin (InvivoGen) and 100 µg/ml G418 (Sigma-Aldrich) to maintain stable expression of hFcRn. High five cells (Invitrogen) were grown in Express FIVE SEF medium (Invitrogen) supplemented with 18 mM l-glutamine and 1% antibiotic–antimyotic (Invitrogen). All cell lines were negative for mycoplasma contamination (MycoAlertTM PLUS Mycoplasma detection kit, Lonza).
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8

Cell Line Cultivation and Mycoplasma Testing

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High Five cells (Invitrogen) were grown in Express FIVE SEF medium (Invitrogen) supplemented with 18 mM L-glutamine and 1% antibiotic-antimyotic (Invitrogen). HEK293E cells (ATCC) were cultured in RPMI 1640 (Sigma-Aldrich) supplemented with 10% heat-inactivated FCS (Sigma-Aldrich), 25 μg/ml streptomycin and 25 U/ml penicillin (Bio Whittaker). Both cell lines tested negative for mycoplasma contamination (MycoAlertTM PLUS Mycoplasma detection kit, Lonza).
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9

Synthetic Peptide Treatment of Human Cells

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Human osteosarcoma cells (U2OS) and fibroblast (BJ-hTERT) cells were cultured in Dulbecco’s modified Eagle medium (DMEM) high glucose with 10% fetal bovine serum (FBS, Hyclone) and 1% penicillin-streptomycin at 37°C in 5% CO2. The cells were used for experiments after a one-hour treatment at 37°C with a synthetic peptide consisting of PR20 (final concentration 10 µM). Rat vascular smooth muscle cells (SMCs; Lonza, R-ASM-580) were grown in DMEM with 20% FBS and 1x Antibiotic-Antimyotic (Thermo Fisher Scientific).
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10

Isolation and Culture of Human Intestinal Organoids

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Fresh tissue from human jejunum
was stripped of muscle and connective tissue using scissors to isolate
the mucosa. Small biopsies were then taken and treated with PBS +
antibiotic-antimyotic (1:100) (Thermo Scientific) for 4 × 2 min
and then PBS + DTT (10 mM) for 3 × 2 min. The tissue was then
incubated in PBS + EDTA (2 mM), 4 °C, on rotation for 1 h and
then violently shaken to isolate the crypts. The crypts were then
seeded into matrigel (hESC-Qualified Matrix, Corning) and cultured
in Intesticult (Stem Cell) to keep the cells in a stem cell state.
If growing well and forming spheres after three passages, the cultures
were considered to be stable enteroid lines and were used for further
expansion and experiments.
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