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6 protocols using ab203181

1

Antibody Characterization for LRRK2 and Rab10

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Anti-Rab10 antibody was from Cell Signaling Technology (#8127) and used at 1:1000 dilution. Rabbit monoclonal antibodies for total LRRK2 (UDD3) and pS935-LRRK2 (UDD2) were purified at the University of Dundee and used at 1:10000 and 1:2000 dilutions respectively. Rabbit monoclonal antibody detecting phospho-Ser1292 LRRK2 was from Abcam (ab203181) and used at a final concentration of 1 μg/ml. Anti-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) antibody was from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (sc-32233) and used at 1:5000 dilution. Sheep polyclonal antibody for phospho-Thr73 Rab10 (S873D) was described previously [13 (link)] and used at final concentration of 1 μg/ml in the presence of 10 μg/ml non-phosphorylated peptide. Horseradish peroxidase-conjugated anti-mouse (#31450), -rabbit (#31460), -rat (#31470) and -sheep IgG secondary antibodies (#31480) were from Thermo Fisher Scientific.
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2

Proximity Ligation Assay for LRRK2

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Proximity ligation assays (PLAs) were performed essentially as described [37 (link)] using DuoLink® PLA Technology according to manufacturer's instructions (Sigma–Aldrich; Duolink® In Situ PLA probe anti-rabbit PLUS (DUO92002), Duolink® In Situ PLA probe anti-mouse MINUS (DUO92004), Duolink® In Situ Detection Reagents Red (DUO92008)). Briefly, cells on Cell-Tak-coated coverslips were fixed in 4% PFA/PBS as described above, followed by three washes in PBS. Coverslips were blocked in blocking solution followed by incubation with primary antibodies overnight at 4°C. Primary antibodies were rabbit polyclonal anti-phospho-S1292-LRRK2 (1 : 1000; Abcam, ab203181) and mouse monoclonal anti-LRRK2 antibody (1 : 1000; UC Davies/NIH Neuromab, clone 241A/34, 75–235). The proximity ligation signal was visible as individual dots, and analyzed by confocal microscopy as described above. The number of PLA positive dots/cell was quantified from around 300 cells per condition from maximal intensity projections using Leica Applied Systems (LAS AF6000) image acquisition software, and various control experiments included in each assay run.
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3

Western Blot Protocol for Protein Detection

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SDS-PAGE gels were transferred onto nitrocellulose membranes using a Bio-Rad Trans-turbo blot system. Membranes were blocked with either 5% skim milk or 3% BSA in Tris-buffered saline with Tween-20 for 30 or 60 min at RT, respectively. Primary antibodies used diluted in blocking buffer were rabbit anti-GDI (Soldati et al., 1993 (link)) 1:1,000, mouse anti-Rab9 (Lombardi et al., 1993 (link)) 1:1,000, mouse anti-Myc (9E10 Hybridoma culture supernatant undiluted), 1.2 µg/ml rabbit anti-pT73Rab10 (230261; Abcam), rabbit anti-pT71 Rab29 (ab241062; Abcam)  1:500, rabbit anti-phospho-Ser1292 LRRK2 (ab203181; Abcam) 1:1,000, chicken anti-GFP (GFP-1010; Aves)  1:1,000, rabbit anti-LRRK2 (ab133518; Abcam), rabbit antitubulin (11224-1-AP; Proteintech) 1:2,000, and mouse anti-LAMP2 culture supernatant (H4B4; Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank). Primary antibody incubations were either 1 h at RT or overnight at 4°C. LI-COR secondary antibodies diluted in blocking buffer used were 680 nm donkey anti-mouse (1:10,000), 800 nm donkey anti-mouse (1:5,000), 680 nm donkey anti-rabbit (1:10,000), 800 nm donkey anti-rabbit (1:5,000), 680 nm donkey anti-chicken (1:10,000), and 800 nm streptavidin (1:5,000). Secondary antibody incubations were for 1 h at RT. Blots were imaged using an Odyssey Infrared scanner (LI-COR) and quantified using ImageJ software.
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4

Western Blot Analysis of Phosphorylated LRRK2

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SH-SY5Y cells received different treatments; they were washed with cold PBS and lyzed in cold RIPA buffer supplemented with a cocktail of protease inhibitors. Aliquots of the cell extract containing 20 μg of protein were separated on SDS-polyacrylamide gels and transferred to PVDF membranes. The membranes were blocked with 5% non-fat milk in TBST buffer for 1 h and incubated overnight at 4 °C with one of the diluted following primary antibodies: anti-pS935-LRRK2 and anti-pS1292-LRRK2 (1:1000, #ab133450 and #ab203181, Abcam, Cambridge, UK), anti-LRRK2 (1:1000, #ab133474, Abcam), and anti-β-actin (1:10000, #A2228, Sigma). After three washes with TBST, the membrane was incubated with goat anti-mouse or anti-rabbit IRDye 800 CW IgG (1:10,000, #926-32210, #926-32211, Li-Cor) for 1 h at room temperature. The intensity of the specific bands was detected and analyzed by the Odyssey infrared imaging system at a resolution of 169 μm (Li-Cor Biosciences, Lincoln, NE, USA).
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5

Antibody Validation for LRRK2 Study

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Rabbit monoclonal antibody to AP2M1 (Ab759976), rabbit monoclonal antibody to p-Thr156 AP2M1 (ab109397), rabbit monoclonal antibody to p-Ser1292-LRRK2 (ab203181), rabbit polyclonal antibody to GFP, rabbit polyclonal antibody to GST-HRP (ab3416) were obtained from Abcam. Mouse monoclonal antibody to LRRK2 (clone N138/6) was from UC Davis/NIH NeuroMab facility. Rabbit monoclonal antibody to clathrin heavy chain (CHC, 4796) and mouse monoclonal antibody to E-cadherin (4A2, 14472) were obtained from Cell Signalling Technology. Mouse monoclonal antibody to AAK1 was obtained from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (sc-134242). Rabbit polyclonal antibodies to syntaxin 8 (110083) and Vti1b (164002) were obtained from Synaptic Systems. Mouse monoclonal antibody to LAMP1 was obtained from Developmental Studies Hybridoma Bank (clone H4A3, DSHB). Mouse monoclonal antibody to V5 antibody (R96025) was purchased from Thermo Fisher. Mouse monoclonal antibodies to MYC, V5-HRP, Flag, Flag-HRP, HA, HA-HRP, and actin were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich. HRP-linked antibodies to rabbit or mouse IgG were obtained from Jackson Immuno Research Labs. AlexaFluor-488–conjugated antibodies to mouse or rabbit IgG, cyanine5 (CY5)-conjugated antibody to mouse IgG, and AlexaFluor-594–conjugated Tfn were obtained from Molecular Probes (Thermo Fisher).
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6

Western Blot Analysis of LRRK2 Phosphorylation

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iPSC-derived monocytes were lyzed in RIPA-2 buffer (Alfa Aesar, Karlsruhe, Germany) supplemented with Protease Inhibitor Cocktail and Phosphatase Inhibitor Cocktail 2 (both 1:100, Sigma). Proteins were resolved by electrophoresis on 4 to 12% NuPAGE Bis-Tris gradient gels according to the manufacturer’s protocol, using NuPAGE MOPS running buffer (Life Technologies). The proteins were blotted onto nitrocellulose membranes (Life Technologies), followed by incubation in blocking buffer (5% skimmed milk powder in Tris-buffered saline containing 0.1% Tween-20) for 1 hour at room temperature. The membranes were then incubated with antibodies against LRRK2 (Rb mAB MJFF2 (c41-2), #ab133474, Abcam, Cambridge, UK), pLRRK2(Ser935) (Rb mAB UDD 10(12)J(phosphoS935), #ab133450, Abcam), pLRRK2(S1292) (Rb mAB MJFR-19-7-8, #ab203181, Abcam) or β-Actin (clone AC-74, #A5316, Sigma) overnight at 4°C. Horseradish peroxidase-conjugated secondary antibody and enhanced chemiluminescence reagents were used for detection (Western Lightning Plus-ECL Kit, Perkin Elmer, Walluf, Germany). Protein transfer and comparable protein load was verified using a protein staining kit (MemCode, Thermo Scientific). Densitometric analysis of the immunoblots was performed using Quantity One software (Biorad, Munich, Germany).
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