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9 protocols using tentagel r ram resin

1

Synthetic Peptide Sequence Preparation

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((GPO)5(G*P*O)(GPO)5)3 was synthesized as previously reported7 . Briefly, the peptide was synthesized (0.1 mmol scale) as C-terminal amides on a TentaGel R RAM resin (loading of 0.19 mmol/g, Rapp Polymere) following the standard Fmoc-based solid-phase peptide synthesis strategy on a microwave-assisted automated peptide synthesizer (Liberty™, CEM), and purified by reverse phase HPLC. Pure peptides were characterised by matrix-assisted laser desorption and ionization-time of flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry (Supplementary Fig. S1).
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2

Solid-Phase Peptide Synthesis Protocol

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Peptides were synthesized on a Prelude X instrument (Protein Technologies, Inc., Tucson, AZ) using standard Fmoc solid-phase peptide synthesis at 25 μmole scale. Synthesis-grade Fmoc amino acid (AA) reagents were purchased from Protein Technologies, Inc. or AAPPTec (Louisville, KY). Standard coupling conditions comprised addition of 0.65 mL Fmoc-AA (200 mM in DMF), 0.65 mL HATU (195 mM in DMF), and 0.5 mL NMM (0.6 M in DMF). Coupling reactions were mixed for 25 min at 50°C. Fmoc deprotection employed 20% piperidine in DMF. To generate C-terminal carboxamides, peptides were prepared on TentaGel R RAM resin (Rapp-Polymere, Tübingen, Germany). N-terminal fluorescein capping was performed with 5 (6)-carboxyfluorescein (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO) while acetyl capping utilized acetic anhydride with 0.6 M NMM. Peptide resin was thoroughly washed with DCM and dried under vacuum after synthesis was complete. Cleavage of the peptide from resin was performed with 4 mL [92.5/2.5/2.5/2.5%] of TFA/water/TIS/EDT for 3 hr. The TFA solution was then precipitated in ice-cold ether and centrifuged at 5100 RPM. Supernatant was decanted while pellets were washed twice more and then dried overnight under vacuum.
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3

Automated Synthesis of Zinc Finger Peptides

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Zinc fingers (ZFs): ZScan20-2, ZNF442, consensus ZF CP1 (CCHH), ZF133-11, and its C7E mutant (ZF133-11 C7E) with weaker Zn(II) affinity were synthesized on TentaGel R RAM resin (loading 0.19 mmol/g, Rapp Polymere GmbH) using a Liberty 1 microwave-assisted synthesizer (CEM, USA) according to the standard Fmoc strategy described in detail before.52 (link),53 (link) The full sequences are given in Table S1. All peptides were acetylated at the N-terminus and purified by HPLC (Dionex Ultimate 3000 system) on a Phenomenex C18 column (Gemini-NX 5 µm, 110 Å) using a gradient of 95% acetonitrile/5% water (0.1% TFA) with 0.1% TFA in water, as described previously.53 (link) After purification, peptides were lyophilized. The identity of the obtained pure peptides was confirmed by ESI-MS (API 2000, Applied Biosystems, USA). The list of theoretical and experimental masses is presented in Table S2.
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4

Microwave-Assisted Peptide Synthesis and Purification

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Peptides were synthesised (0.1 mmol scale) as C-terminal amides on a TentaGel R RAM resin (loading of 0.19 mmol/g, Rapp Polymere) following the standard Fmoc-based solid-phase peptide synthesis strategy on a microwave-assisted automated peptide synthesiser (LibertyTM, CEM), and purified by reverse phase HPLC as detailed in Supplementary Information, Section S1.
Pure peptides were characterised by matrix-assisted laser desorption and ionization-time of flight (MALDI-TOF) mass spectrometry, then lyophilised.
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5

Solid-Phase Peptide Synthesis Reagents

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N‐α‐Fmoc‐protected amino acids, ethyl 2‐cyano‐2‐(hydroxyimino)acetate (Oxyma), and N,N′‐diisopropylcarbodiimide (DIC) were purchased from Iris Biotech (Marktredwitz, Germany), and F‐Wang resin, NovaSyn® W‐TGA resin, O‐(7‐azabenzotriazolyl)‐tetramethyluronium hexafluorophosphate (HATU), and O‐(1H‐6‐chlorobenzotriazole‐1‐yl)‐1,1,3,3‐tetramethyluronium hexafluorophosphate (HCTU) were supplied from Novabiochem (Darmstadt, Germany). TentaGel R RAM resin was obtained from Rapp Polymere (Tübingen, Germany). 6‐Carboxytetramethylrhodamine (TAMRA) was purchased from ChemPep, Inc. (Wellington, Florida). Atto488 and Atto565 dyes were obtained from ATTO TEC (Siegen, Germany). Acetonitrile (ACN) was purchased from VWR (Darmstadt, Germany). Dimethylformamide (DMF) and dichloromethane (DCM) were obtained from Biosolve (Valkenswaard, The Netherlands). N,N‐Diisopropylethylamine (DIPEA), 1,2‐ethanedithiol (EDT), 4‐(2‐hydroxyethyl)‐1‐piperazineethanesulfonic acid (HEPES), hydrazine monohydrate, 4‐methoxytriphenylmethyl chloride (Mmt‐Cl), mercaptophenyl acetic acid (MPAA), 4‐methylmorpholine (NMM), piperidine, thioanisole (TA), trifluoroacetic acid (TFA), and triisopropylsilane (TIS) were purchased from Sigma‐Aldrich (Taufkirchen, Germany). Diethyl ether was from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany).
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6

Solid-Phase Peptide Synthesis and Purification

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The peptides were prepared by solid-phase peptide synthesis using the standard cycles of a Millipore 9050 automatic peptide synthesizer (Millipore, Darmstadt, Germany) and Fmoc chemistry. Fmoc-protected amino acids from NovaBiochem (Merck Millipore, Darmstadt, Germany) were used at four-fold excess, the Tentagel-R-RAM resin was from Rapp Polymere (Tübingen, Germany). Cleavage of the peptide was performed in 28 mL trifluoroacetic acid (TFA), 1.5 mL water and 0.3 mL triethylsilane for 4 h. After solubilization and ether precipitation the TFA counter ions were exchanged in 4% acetic acid. After purification by semipreparative HPLC using an acetonitrile/water gradient on a C18 reverse-phase column (Luna 5u c18(2) 100 Å; 150 × 30 mm, Phenomenex, Le Pecq, France) the identity of the products was confirmed by MALDI TOF mass spectrometry.
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7

Solid-Phase Peptide Synthesis with HATU

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2-chlorotrityl resin and 1-[Bis(dimethylamino)methylene]−1 H-1,2,3-triazolo[4,5-b]pyridinium-3-oxidhexafluorophosphate (HATU) were purchased from ChemPep. TentaGel R RAM resin was purchased from Rapp Polymere. Boc-Cys(Trt)-OH, Fmoc-L-Cys(Trt)-OH, Fmoc-L-Lys(Boc)-OH, Fmoc-L-Asp(tBu)-OH, Fmoc-L-Glu(tBu)-OH, Fmoc-L-Ser(tBu)-OH, Fmoc-L-Asn(Trt)-OH, Fmoc-Gly-OH, Fmoc-L-Ala-OH, Fmoc-L-Val-OH, Fmoc-L-Leu-OH, and Fmoc-Gly-Ser(psiMe,Mepro)-OH were purchased from Gyros Protein Technologies. Fmoc-Lys(Ac)-OH was purchased from Anaspec. Fmoc-Lys(Dde)-OH was purchased from AAPPTec. Synthesis grade trifluoracetic acid (TFA), ACS grade dimethylformamide (DMF), peptide synthesis grade n-methylmorpholine (NMM), synthesis grade n-methylpyrrolidinone (NMP), ACS grade anhydrous diethyl ether, HPLC grade acetonitrile (ACN), HPLC grade methanol, LC-MS grade ACN with 0.1% formic acid, and LC-MS grade water with 0.1% formic acid were purchased from Fisher Scientific (all reagent brands from Fisher Scientific were Fisher Chemical). Piperidine, triisopropylsilane (TIS), 1,2-ethanedithiol (EDT), 5 (6)-carboxyfluorescein, N,N′-Diisopropylcarbodiimide, Oxyma Pure, anhydrous hydrazine, acetic anhydride, and 4-mercaptophenylacetic acid (MPAA) were purchased from Sigma Aldrich.
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8

Preparation of Chiral Precursors and Compound Library Synthesis

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Deuterated (S)-(−)-2-bromopropionic acid, N-Alloc-1,4-ethylenediamine hydrochlroride, and (S)-2-chloro-3-phenylpropanoic acid were prepared as described previously.22 (link) All the other chemicals were purchased from commercial sources and used without further purification. (S)-(−)-Chloropropionic acid was purchased from Alfa Aeser. (S)-2-Chloro-4-methylvaleric acid was purchased from TCI America. TentaGel R RAM resin was purchased from Rapp Polymere. All the Fmoc-protected amino acids and Knorr Amide MBHA resin were purchased from Novabiochem. All the other chemicals were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich, Acros Organics, or Oakwood Chemical. Commercial sources of materials required for screening are described in the screening section. All MALDI-TOF and TOF/TOF mass spectra were obtained using 4800 Plus MALDI TOF/TOF Analyzer (Applied Biosystems). Cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid was used as a matrix for the mass analysis. Phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) solutions were diluted from a 10× stock PBS solution (Corning). Tris-buffered saline (TBS) solutions were diluted from a 20× TBS stock (Thermo Scientific). The following section details experimental procedures for serum preparation and autoantibody binding measurements. A descriptive experimental flow for library synthesis is provided in the supplementary information.
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9

Fmoc-Amino Acid Peptide Synthesis

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Reagents All Fmoc-amino acids were obtained from GL Biochem (Shanghai, China), or Matrix Innovation (Quebec City, Canada), with the following side-chain protecting groups: Asn (Trt), His(Trt), Ser(tBu), Thr(tBu), Tyr(tBu). Rink Amide MBHA resin (0.48 mmol g -1 ) was purchased from Matrix Innovation (Quebec City, Canada). TentaGel R RAM resin (0.18 mmol g -1 ) was purchased from Rapp Polymere GmbH (Tübingen, Germany). This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial 3.0 Unported Licence.
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