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5 protocols using p cofilin ser 3

1

Investigating Focal Adhesion Kinase Signaling

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The p-FAK Tyr925 (cat #3284), FAK (cat #3285), p-src Tyr416 (cat #59548), src (cat #2109), p-cofilin Ser 3 (cat #3311), cofilin (cat #5175), NF-κB1 p105/p50 (cat #3035), NF-κB p65 (cat #8242), SNAIL (cat #3879), cleaved PARP (cat #5625), cleaved Caspase-3 (cat #9664), IκBα (cat #4814), Lamin A/C (cat #2032), p-NF-κB p65-Ser536 (cat #3033), and p-IκBα-Ser32 (cat #2859) antibodies were procured from Cell Signaling Technology and were used at 1:1000 dilution; β-actin (cat #sc-47778) antibody was from Santa Cruz Biotechnology and was used at 1:2000 dilution. E-cadherin (cat #610181) was from BD Biosciences and was used at 1:1000 dilution. MIEN1 antibody (cat #H00084299-M02) was from Abnova and was used at 1:2000 dilution. Human recombinant protein EGF was from Gibco (cat #PHG0311). MIEN1 protein was custom produced by Biomatik. The PCR primers were synthesized by Integrated DNA Technologies. The primer sequences are given in Table S2.
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2

Caspase Activation Analysis by Western Blot

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Following treatment with desired drugs, attached cells were harvested and analyzed for caspase activation by Western blot analysis as previously described [11] (link). The blots were then probed with primary antibodies to ROCK1 (GTX61382) from GeneTex, ROCK2 (sc-5561) from Santa Cruz Biotechnology, p67phox (07-502) from Millipore, cleaved caspase 3 (#9661), cleaved caspase 9 (#9509), cleaved caspase 8 (#9429), PARP (#9542), cofilin (#3312), p-cofilin(Ser3) (#3311), MLC (#3672), p-MLC(Ser19) (#3671) from Cell Signaling. After blotting with corresponding secondary antibodies conjugated with horseradish peroxidase, the membranes were developed with ECL Western blotting or SuperSignal West Pico Chemiluminescent Substrate (Thermo Scientific), and the blots were visualized by using a Fujifilm LAS-4000 Imager. All blots were normalized to GAPDH (MA5-15738, Thermo Scientific) or to actin (sc-1616; Santa Cruz Biotechnology).
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3

Protein Expression Analysis via Western Blot

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The cells were washed with cold PBS buffer and total proteins were extracted from the collected cells using RIPA buffer (25 mM Tris–HCl (pH 7.4), 150 mM NaCl, 0.1% SDS, 0.5% sodium deoxycholate, 1mM EDTA, 1% Nonidet P-40) and protease inhibitors. The bicinchoninic acid (BCA) assay was performed to determine the total protein concentration in the samples (Pierce, Rockford, IL, USA). Samples were fractionated on a 4–20% SDS-PAGE gels. Next, the proteins were transferred onto a nitrocellulose membrane and probed with anti-human/mouse antibodies specific to PARP (#9542), caspase 3 (#9668), p-BAD Ser112 (#9291), p-cRaf Ser338 (#9427), p-ERK1/2 Thr202/Tyr204(#4370), p-PAK1 Thr423/PAK2 Thr402 (#2601), PAK2 (2608), p-cofilin Ser3 (#3313), γH2AX (#9718), p-STAT3 Tyr705 (#9138), and GAPDH (#5174) (purchased from Cell Signaling Technologies, LabJOT, Warsaw, Poland). Signals were detected using the enhanced chemiluminescence detection system (MicroChemi Bio-Imaging Systems). The images of row Western blot membranes are shown in Figure S2.
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4

Quantifying Cytoskeletal Protein Dynamics

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Total protein lysates were generated using RIPA buffer (Sigma Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) according to manufacturer’s instructions, supplemented with protease inhibitors, and separated on 10% TGX gel (Bio-Rad, Hercules, CA, USA) under reducing conditions. The gel was transferred to a PVDF membrane and probed with 1:3000 class III β-tubulin (TUJ1; BioLegend, San Diego, CA, USA), 1:10,000 GAPDH (Cell Signaling Technologies, Danvers, MA, USA), Cofilin (D3F9) (1:1000, Cell Signaling Technologies), p-Cofilin (Ser3) (1:1000, Cell Signaling Technologies), monoclonal α-tubulin (DM1A) (1:2000, Sigma Aldrich), anti-detyrosinated α-tubulin (glu-tubulin) (1:1000, Abcam, Waltham, MA, USA), tyrosinated α-tubulin (1:2000, Sigma Aldrich), acetyl α-tubulin (Lys40, D20G3) (1:1000, Cell Signaling Technologies), α-Actin (AC-15) (1:10,000, Sigma Aldrich, Burlington, MA, USA), CAPZB (1:1000, Bio-Rad), and Diap1 (1:1000, Cell Signaling Technologies). Standard molecular weight markers were used (Precious Plus Protein Standards #1610374/ #1610375, BioRad, St. Louis, MO, USA). Densitometry was analyzed with ImageJ: https://imagej.nih.gov/ij/ (accessed on 11 June 2018). Experiments were performed in duplicate and representative images are shown. Raw western blot figures can be found in the supplementary materials.
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5

Protein Extraction and Analysis from Mouse Aortas

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Mouse aortas were harvested, cleaned of fat and connective tissue, and then flash frozen in liquid nitrogen. Frozen aortas were ground into a fine powder using a pre-chilled mortar and pestle. Proteins were extracted in Hunters buffer (25 mmol/L HEPES, 150 mmol/L KCl, 1.5 mmol/L MgCl2, 1 mmol/L EGTA, 10 mmol/L Na-pyrophosphate, 10 mmol/L NaF, 1% Na deoxycholate, 1% Triton X 100, 0.1% SDS, 10% Glycerol, Na-orthovanadate and protease inhibitors) from there lysates sonicated and cleared at 10,000 x g for 5 minutes. Proteins were separated using SDS-PAGE and transferred to Immobilon-P polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) membranes (Millipore), blocked with 5% non-fat dairy milk, and incubated with primary antibodies to SSH1 (Cell Signaling Cat #13578), p-cofilin ser-3 (Cell signaling Cat #3311), cofilin (Gentex Cat# GTX102156), OPN (R&D # AF808), TGFβ1 (Cell Signaling #3711), TGFβRII (Santa Cruz Cat# sc-17799) smooth muscle 22 (SM22) (Abcam 14106) or β-actin (Sigma Cat #A5441). Subsequently, blots were incubated with horseradish peroxidase-conjugated secondary antibodies and proteins were detected by enhanced chemiluminescence (ECL, Millipore). Images were acquired using a Carestream Molecular Imaging (Carestream) device. Band intensity was quantified by densitometry using Image J software (NIH).
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