Lambda 265 uv vis spectrophotometer

The optical rotation data were measured in MeOH with a Jasco P-2000 Polarimeter (JASCO Inc., Tokyo, Japan). The infrared spectra were acquired on Shimadzu IR Affinity-1S Fourier Transform Infrared Spectrophotometer. The UV spectra were obtained from LAMBDA 265 UV/Vis Spectrophotometer (PerkinElmer Inc., Waltham, MA, USA). The 1D and 2D-NMR spectra were recorded with a Bruker Avance 500 FT-NMR spectrometer (Bruker Inc., Bremen, Germany). The HR-ESI-MS data were generated at the Mass Spectrometry Laboratory of the Chung Hsing University with a Thermo LTQ Orbitrap XL™ Hybrid Ion Trap-Orbitrap Mass Spectrometer (Thermo Scientific Inc., Waltham, MA, USA). Column chromatography was performed using LiChroCART Si 5 µM gel (Merck, Darmstadt, Germany) and Sephadex LH-20 (GE Healthcare Life Sciences Inc., Marlborough, MA, USA). The TLC (thin-layer chromatography) analysis was carried out using aluminum pre-coated Si plates (Silica Gel 60 F-254; Merck). The spots were visualized using a UV lamp at λ = 254 nm and detected by spraying with 10% H₂SO₄ alcohol solution and heating at 125 °C. Semi-preparative HPLC was performed using a normal phase column (Luna 5μm Silica 100 Å, 250 × 10 mm; Phenomenex Inc.) on a Precision Instruments IOTA 2 Refractive Index Detector system.

Sunflower oil was diluted in HPLC grade hexane (spectroscopic grade 99.9%) at a concentration of 1 × 10⁻³ g L⁻¹. UV-Visible absorption measurements were made using a Lambda 265 UV/Vis spectrophotometer (Perkin Elmer, Waltham, MA, USA), and the spectra were collected in the 200 to 800 nm range.
Excitation-emission matrix fluorescence maps were obtained using a spectrofluorometer (FluoroMate FS-2, SCINCO). The excitation-emission maps were obtained by exciting the samples between 240 and 450 nm in steps of 5 nm and collecting the emission from 250 to 750 nm in 1 nm steps.
For the UV/Vis absorption and fluorescence measurements, the diluted sunflower oils were placed into a four-polished-sided quartz cuvette with a 10 mm optical path.

FTIR spectra were measured with a Perkin-Elmer Two (Perkin-Elmer, Waltham, MA, USA) spectrophotometer equipped with a diamond crystal UATR accessory. ¹H, ³¹P{¹H}, and ¹H PGSE NMR spectra were measured with a Bruker AVANCE 400 (Bruker Corporation, Fällanden, Switzerland) spectrometer in D₂O solution. Chemical shifts are quoted relative to SiMe₄ (¹H, external) and H₃PO₄ 85% in D₂O (³¹P, external). ¹H PGSE-NMR measurements were carried out with the doubly stimulated echo-pulsed sequence (Double STE) on a Bruker AVANCE 400 equipped with a BBI H-BB Z-GRD probe at 298 K without spinning at different times in D₂O. Steady-state luminescence spectra were measured with a spectrofluorimeter of HORIBA Jobin Yvon Fluorolog-3 (HORIBA Jobin Yvon, Stow, MA, USA). Emission lifetimes with the time-correlated single photon counting technique were measured with the Datastation HUB (HORIBA Jobin Yvon) and a nanoLED (HORIBA Jobin Yvon) of 320 nm. Conductivities were measured in ca. 0.5 mM water solutions with a Jenway 4010 conductimeter (Jenway, Felsted, UK). MALDI-MS spectra in negative and positive modes were measured with a Bruker MicroTOF-Q spectrometer equipped with a MALDI-TOF ionization source (Bruker Corporation, Bremen, Germany). UV–Vis spectra in aqueous solution were measured with a LAMBDA 265 UV/Vis spectrophotometer (Perkin-Elmer).