The oil-in-water (oil/water) emulsion was used as feed to evaluate the magnitude of the membrane fouling control provided by the rotary spacer system. The feed sample was prepared by mixing a crude oil (obtained from one of the crude oil wells in Malaysia) in deionized water with a small amount of synthesis-grade sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS 98, Sigma Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) with a ratio of 1:9 (wt./wt.) of SDS to the crude oil. The mixture with a total volume of 10 L was stirred for two days until a stable emulsion was obtained. The added SDS acted as a surfactant to stabilize the oil-in-water emulsion. The oil concentration in the feed was fixed at 1000 ppm. A small volume of feed sample (10 mL) was subsequently analyzed using particle size and zeta potential analyzer (Malvern, Zetasizer Nano ZSP, Malvern, UK) to map the distribution of the oil droplets. The droplet size was analysed using the dynamic light scattering method by assuming all the detected particles were the oil-in-water droplets in spherical shapes.
Sds 98
Manufactured by Merck Group
Sourced in United States
SDS 98 is a laboratory equipment product manufactured by Merck Group. It is designed for the purpose of performing sodium dodecyl sulfate-polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (SDS-PAGE) analysis. The core function of the SDS 98 is to separate and analyze proteins based on their molecular weight.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
Lab products found in correlation
Nano zsp, by Malvern Panalytical (1 mentions)
Tween 80, by AppliChem (1 mentions)
Mgcl2, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Falcon tube, by Avantor (1 mentions)
Pcr grade water, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (1 mentions)
Powermax soil kit, by Qiagen (1 mentions)
Powersoil pro kit, by Qiagen (1 mentions)
Span 80, by Merck Group (1 mentions)
3 protocols using sds 98
1
Emulsion Fouling Control via Rotary Spacer
2
Soil Microbiome Analysis: Comprehensive Protocol
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Surfactants: SDS 98% (Sigma), Tween 80 (AppliChem), and Span 80 (Sigma‐Aldrich).
Solvents: Isooctane (2,2,4‐trimethylpentane) and n‐hexane.
Commercial kits for DNA extraction: PowerSoil Pro Kit (Qiagen), PowerMax Soil Kit (Qiagen), and Olive Oil Kit (Norgen).
Reagents for phenol–chloroform extraction: cetrimonium bromide (CTAB); phenol–chloroform–isoamyl alcohol (25:24:1); guanidine hydrochloride (GuaHCl) solution (6 M of GuaHCl 1× TE buffer [pH 6.7], 10 mM of Tris–HCl, and 1 mM of EDTA and sterile filtered); and washing buffer composed of 50% EtOH, 125 mM of NaCl, 10 mM of Tris, and 1 mM of EDTA.
Qubit 2.0 fluorimeter with double‐strain high‐sensitivity (dsDNA HS) assay kit containing buffer and fluorescent dye (Invitrogen).
Reagents for PCR: OptiTaq DNA polymerase (EurX), bovine serum albumin (BSA), 10× Pol buffer (EurX), dNTP (EurX), MgCl2 (EurX), PCR‐grade water (EurX), and barcoded 515F 806R primers.
Reagents for post‐PCR cleanup: AMpure beads, ethanol 70%, and elution buffer.
Centrifuges: Sigma 6‐16KS and Thermo Scientific Fresco 17.
Bead beating: Vortex Genie 2 with horizontal adapter and FastPrep (MPI).
15‐ml Falcon tubes (VWR)
Spatulas and spoons
3
Synthetic Produced Water Preparation
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Synthetic PW was prepared by mixing the deionized water and crude oil sample (obtained from one of the petrochemical industries in Malaysia) with the addition of a synthesis grade of sodium dodecyl sulfate (SDS 98%, Sigma–Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA). The small amount of SDS, with a ratio of 1:9 (w/w) of SDS to crude oil, acted as a surfactant to solubilize the oil in the water. A 1000 ppm (1 g/L) of oil/water emulsion was prepared by using a mechanical stirrer, stirred at a rate of 500 rpm for at least 24 h or until a homogeneously milky yellowish color suspension was obtained. In order to prevent the floatation/separation of the oil droplets (which might occur during storage period), the synthetic PW always prepared one day earlier prior to the filtration to ensure the consistency of the feed solution.
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