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6 protocols using fatty acid free bovine serum albumin

1

Comprehensive TMAO Metabolism Analysis

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TMAO (Sigma, Cat. 317594), D9-TMAO(Cambridge Isotopes,Cat. DML-4779-1), [6]-gingerol (Sigma, Cat. 345868), CDN1163 (Sigma, Cat. SML1682), MCC950 sodium (MCE, Cat. HY-12815A), Glucose (Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. Cat. 10010592), GLP-1 (7-36) (MCE, Cat. HY-P0054), L-Arginine monohydrochloride (Sigma, Cat. A5131), Fatty acid free bovine serum albumin (Equitech-Bio, Inc.Cat. BAH66), Collagenase from Clostridium histolytium (Sigma, Cat. C9263), Human recombinant insulin (Lilly Cat. HI0219), Fura-2, AM (Invitrogen, Cat. F1221), mitoSOX Red, Molecular Probes (Invitrogen, M36008), phosphoenolpyruvate (Sigma, Cat. P7127), ATP disodium salt (Sigma, Cat. A3377), pyruvate kinase (Sigma, P1903-1KU), lactate dehydrogenase (Sigma, Cat. 59747), NADH (Sigma, Cat. N8129), digitonin (Sigma, Cat. D141), protease inhibitor cocktail (Sigma, Cat. P8340), PMSF (Roche, Cat. 10837091001), 4-Bromo A23187 (MCE, Cat. HY-N6694), Anti-Biotin MicroBeads (Miltenyi Biotec, Cat. 130-090-485).
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2

Julibraside J13 Purification and Characterization

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Julibraside J13 was previously separated and purified from Ablizia julibrissin by our laboratory27 (link), and the purity is above 98% by HPLC analysis. Fatty acid-free bovine serum albumin (BSA) was purchased from Equitech-Bio (Kerrville, TX, USA). 3-[4,5-Dimethylthiazol-2-yl] 2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) and recombinant actin and myosin heavy chain were obtained from Sigma Chemical (Santa Clara, CA, USA). TransDetect Annexin V-FITC/PI cell kit was obtained from Transgene (Beijing, China). Hoechst 33258 staining kit and mitochondrial membrane potential assay kit were obtained from Beyotime (Nanjing, China). Fetal bovine serum (FBS) was from PAN-Biotech (Logan, UT, USA). High glucose Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM, 4.5 g/L glucose), antibiotics and trypsin were from Macgene (Beijing, China). Primary antibodies and secondary antibodies were from Cell Signaling Technology (Beverly, MA, USA). Chemiluminescent HRP substrate was purchased from Thermo Scientific (Waltham, MA, USA).
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3

Inflammatory Cytokine-Induced Stress Signaling

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DMEM, RPMI-1640, fetal bovine serum (FBS) and antibiotics were obtained from Invitrogen (Burlington, ON, Canada). PBS was obtained from Multicell. Fatty acid-free bovine serum albumin (BSA) was from Equitech-Bio (Kerrville, TX, USA). The cytokine cocktail (IL-1β and IFN-γ) was from R&D Systems (Minneapolis, MN, USA). Antibodies to ASK1 and calnexin were from Abcam (Cambridge, MA, USA). LPS (from Escherichia coli O55:B5) and all other reagents (analytical grade) were from Sigma unless otherwise noted.
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4

Lipolysis Regulation in Adipocytes

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Dibutyryl cyclic AMP (dbcAMP), isoproterenol (ISO) and capsaicin were obtained from Sigma Chemical Co. (St. Louis, MO, USA). Fatty acid-free bovine serum albumin (BSA) was purchased from equitech-bio, Inc. (Kerrville, TX, USA). Antibodies of HSL and their phosphorylated forms were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology Inc. (Danver, MA, USA). Antibodies of β1 receptor, β2 receptor, β3 receptor, ATGL and β-Actin were obtained from Abcam (Cambridge, UK). Antibodies of perilipin was purchased from Vala sciences (San Diego, CA, USA). capsaicin stock solution was dissolved in absolute ethanol and was diluted before injection to a final concentration of 1% of the stock solution, 1% of Tween 80, and 98% of normal saline. Vehicle was used as control.
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5

Costunolide Attenuates Inflammatory Response

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Costunolide (C15H20O2; molecular weight 232.32), abbreviated as CTL, with purity of 99.84% confirmed by MS and H1NMR data, was purchased from MedChemExpress LLC (Shanghai, China). LPS was from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Fatty acid-free bovine serum albumin (BSA) was obtained from Equitech-Bio (Kerrville, TX, USA). Antibodies against iNOS, COX2, GAPDH, p-AKT, AKT, p-IKKα/β, IKKβ, p-IκB-α, IκB-α, p-NF-κB p65, NF-κB p65, CDK2, Histone H3, and α-Tubulin were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology (Beverly, MA, USA). Recombinant human CDK2 protein was acquired from Sino Biological (Beijing, China).
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6

Handelin Extraction and Characterization

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Handelin (C32H40O8; molecular weight 552.6552) was obtained from Baoji Herbest Bio-Tech Co., Ltd. (Shanxi, China) and affirmed by H1NMR and MS data. The purity was determined to be > 98% by HPLC method. Fatty acid-free bovine serum albumin (BSA) was from Equitech-Bio, Inc. (Kerrville, TX, USA). Palmitic acid (PA, TCI, Shanghai, China) was dissolved in absolute ethanol as stock solution and then conjugated with 10% BSA to achieve a concentration of 100 μM as previously described (Li et al., 2015 (link)). The recombinant human Hsp70 protein was from Sino Biological Inc. (Beijing, China).
Antibodies against iNOS (2982), COX2 (12282), GAPDH (3683), HSP70 (4873), HSC70 (8444), K63-Ubi (12930), K48-Ubi (8081), p-IKKα/β (2697), IKKα (11930), IKKβ (8943), p-IκB-α (2859), IκB-α (4814), p-NF-κB p65 (3033), NF-κB p65 (8242), HA-Tag (3724), His-Tag (2366), TRAF6 (ab94720), IL-1β (12242), TNF-α (11948), rabbit IgG (7074) and mouse IgG (7076) were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology (Beverly, MA, USA). Antibodies against Iba-1 (ab178680), CD11b/c (ab202907) and CD68 (ab31630) were obtained from Abcam Biotechnology (Cambridge, UK).
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