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Nah2po4

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Sodium dihydrogen phosphate (NaH2PO4) is a chemical compound commonly used in laboratory settings. It is a crystalline, white or colorless solid that is soluble in water. NaH2PO4 serves as a buffer solution, helping to maintain a specific pH level in various experiments and applications.

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19 protocols using nah2po4

1

Permethrin Effects on S. aureus Morphology

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To visualize any effect that permethrin had on the growth and morphology of S. aureus cells, each strain was grown in the presence of 5% permethrin, fixed, and dehydrated for imaging by scanning electron microscopy (SEM). Cells were first grown either in the presence of 5% permethrin or in MHB alone as a positive growth control and incubated on a benchtop orbital shaker for 20 hr at 35°C and 100 rpm. The cell suspension was then washed three times in 0.1 M sodium phosphate buffer (pH 7.4) (made by adding 0.1 M NaH2PO4 [VWR Chemicals] to 0.1 M Na2HPO4 [Merck]). Washed cells were then resuspended in 2.5% glutaraldehyde (ProSciTech) in 0.1 M sodium phosphate buffer and incubated overnight at 4°C to fix the cells. Following overnight incubation at 4°C, the cells were again washed three times in 0.1 M sodium phosphate buffer before being dehydrated in graded ethanol (Chem‐Supply) series (30%, 50%, 70%, 80%, 90% 10 min each and 100% for one hour). The cell suspension was then transferred to a silica wafer for imaging by SEM.
Cells were examined by SEM using a Zeiss Merlin FE‐SEM under low vacuum with a beam strength of 1 kV, an aperture of 30 µm, and with a working distance of 5 mm. A high‐efficiency secondary electron (HE‐SE2) detector was used to image cells.
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2

Radiolabeling with [18O]-H2O

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[18O]-H2O was from Rotem. Benzyl acrylate was from Alpha Aesar; DMSO and tetrabutylammonium bicarbonate (TBAHCO3) from ABX; H3PO4 from Riedel-de Haën; Kryptofix 2.2.2. from Merck; NaH2PO4 and HPLC acetonitrile from VWR; and CDCl3 and TMS from Euristop. All other reagents were from Sigma-Aldrich.
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3

Synthesis and Characterization of TMgP-Containing Magnesium Phosphate Cement

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TMgP (Mg3(PO4)2) was synthesized by mixing MgHPO4·3H2O (Alfa Aeasar, Ward Hill, USA) and Mg(OH)2 (VWR International, Radnor, USA) in a molar ratio of 2:1 and sintering for 5 h at 1100°C. The resulting sinter cake was crushed and sieved to attain particle sizes of ≤355 µm.
The amorphous magnesium phosphate cement without TMgP was prepared by mixing MgO 2835 (Magnesia GmbH) and sodium dihydrogen phosphate (NaH2PO4, VWR International) in a molar ratio of 2.8:1. Ultrapure water was added as a cement liquid in the respective PLR. The amorphous magnesium phosphate cement with TMgP was prepared by adding 30 mol% TMgP (MgO + TMgP = 100 mol%) to the MgO (Table 1). The molar ratio between (MgO + TMgP) and the sodium dihydrogen phosphate was maintained at 2.8:1.

Composition of the powder of the amorphous magnesium phosphate cement with 30 mol% TMgP.

NaH2PO4MgO 2835TMgP
Molar mass (g mol−1)120.040.3262.9
Amount of substance (mmol)10.019.68.4
Mass (g)1.200.792.21
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4

Synthesis of Ceramic Precursors

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The following chemical precursors were used without further purification: diphosphorus pentoxide (P2O5, 98%, VWR, Lutterworth, UK), sodium dihydrogen phosphate (NaH2PO4, 99%, VWR), titanium oxide (TiO2, 99%, VWR), calcium carbonate (CaCO3, 98.5%, VWR) and strontium carbonate (SrCO3, 98.5%, BDH Laboratory Supplies, Poole, UK).
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5

SDS-PAGE and Western Blotting Buffers

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Buffers included running buffer (20X MES SDS Running Buffer [Invitrogen] diluted to 5% in demineralized water), sample buffer (NuPAGE LDS Sample Buffer [4X], Invitrogen), transfer buffer (10 mL of 20X transfer buffer [Invitrogen] diluted to 5% in demineralized water and 20% [v/v] of 98% ethanol, pH 8.4), blocking/washing buffer (135 mM NaCl, 5 mM Na2HPO4 [PanReac Applichem], 1.5 mM NaH2PO4, 2.7 mM KCl, 0.05% Tween 20 [VWR Chemicals], pH 7.4), and sodium acetate buffer (70 mM CH3COONa [PanReac Applichem], 30 mM CH3COOH, pH 5.0).
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6

Structural Analysis of hFGF1 Interactions

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The Quikchange II XL mutagenesis kit was from Agilent and the DNA plasmid isolation kit was from Qiagen Inc., USA. DH5α and BL-21(DE3) competent cells were obtained from Novagen Inc., USA. Lysogeny broth is a product of EMD Millipore, USA. Heparin sepharose resin is from GE Healthcare, USA. Buffer components (Na2HPO4, NaH2PO4, NaCl, and (NH4)SO4) were acquired from VWR Scientific., USA. Low molecular weight (~3000 Da) heparin sodium salt was obtained from Sigma and MP Biomedicals LLC. NIH 3T3 cells were obtained from ATCC and all the cell culture reagents including, DMEM media, fetal bovine serum (FBS) and penicillin streptomycin were purchased from Thermo Fisher Scientific (Waltham, MA). All measurements of the spatial distance between residues within hFGF1 were made using Pymol viewing software and were measured as the distance between side chain functional groups (carboxyl groups for D82 and D84, guanidinium group for R133, R82, and R84).
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7

Plasmid Isolation and Protein Purification

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DNA plasmid isolation kits were purchased from Qiagen, USA and Quikchange II XL mutagenesis kits were obtained from Agilent. Competent cells (DH5α and BL-21(DE3)) were sourced from Novagen Inc., USA. Lysogeny broth (LB) was obtained from EMD Millipore, USA. Heparin sepharose was obtained from GE Healthcare, USA. VWR Scientific Inc, USA was the supplier for all buffer components including Na2HPO4, NaH2PO4, NaCl, and (NH4)SO4. Low molecular weight heparin sodium salt (~3kDa) was procured from Sigma and MP Biomedicals LLC. NIH 3T3 cells were sourced from American Type Culture Collection (ATCC) and additional cell culture reagents such as, DMEM media, fetal bovine serum (FBS), and penicillin streptomycin were obtained from Thermo Fisher Scientific USA.
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8

Enzymatic Almond β-Glucosidase Analysis

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β-glucosidase from almond (Cod. G4511) and the ethyl acetate were supplied by Sigma-Aldrich. Solvents for HPLC, NMR, LC-QTOF-MS (acetonitrile, methanol, dichloromethane, dimethyl sulfoxide, deuterated chloroform) were supplied by Carlo Erba and Sigma-Aldrich. NaH2PO4 and Na2HPO4, supplied by VWR, were used to prepare phosphate buffer (50 mM, pH 6.5) for enzymatic and substrate solutions. Bicinchoninic acid kit (BCA) was used to measure protein concentration, supplied by Sigma-Aldrich.
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9

Quantifying Cellular Ribosomal RNA Content

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Ribosomal RNA content per cell was quantified by calculating 18S, 5.8S and 28S rRNA RT-qPCR signals in six biological replicates relative to the DNA content. DNA concentrations in equal volumes of papain digestion buffer (100 mM phosphate buffer (NaH2PO4 (VWR, Amsterdam, the Netherlands) and Na2HPO4 * 2H2O (VWR), pH 6.5), 5 mM l-cysteine*HCl (Sigma-Aldrich), 5 mM EDTA (Ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid)(VWR), 33.33 μg/μl papaine (Sigma-Aldrich)) were determined in samples from day 0, 7 and 14 of ATDC5 chondrogenic differentiation using the SYBR Green assay (Invitrogen). Prior to measurement, samples were diluted in TE (Tris-EDTA) buffer (10 mM Tris/HCl pH 8 and 1 mM EDTA; day 0; 1:100 dilution, day 7 and day 14; 1:1000 dilution). A serially diluted standard curve (0.016–4 μg/ml) of calf thymus genomic control DNA (Invitrogen) in TE buffer was included to quantify the DNA concentration in the samples. Standards were prepared to contain the same amount of papain digestion buffer as the samples. SYBR Green was diluted 10,000 times in TE buffer and 100 μl was added to 100 μl of the above prepared samples and standards. After 10 min incubation fluorescence was determined using a Spectramax M2E (Molecular Devices, Sunnyvale, CA, USA) microplate reader with an excitation of 488 nm and an emission of 522 nm and DNA concentration was calculated using the standard curve.
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10

SARS-CoV-2 Protein Coupling to Microspheres

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SARS-CoV-2 proteins were coupled to MagPlex Microspheres of spectrally distinct regions (Luminex; Austin, TX). Coupling was carried out at room temperature following standard carbodiimide coupling procedures. Microspheres were washed once with deionized water and incubated for 20 min in the dark in an end-over-end rotator suspension of 0.1 M NaH2PO4 (VWR International; Radnor, PA), 5 mg/ml 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl) carbodiimide (Thermo Fisher Scientific; Waltham, MA), and 5 mg/ml N-hydroxysulfosuccinimide; Thermo Fisher Scientific). Activated microspheres were washed twice in 0.05 M MES (Boston Bioproducts, Ashland, MA) and incubated for 2 h in the dark in an end-over-end rotator, 500-μl suspension of 0.05 M MES containing 300 nmol/l Ag and 1 × 106 microspheres (0.15 nmol Ag/106 microspheres). Coupled microspheres were washed four times in a blocking buffer consisting of 1% BSA (Boston Bioproducts), 1× PBS (VWR International), 0.05% sodium azide (VWR International), and 0.02% Tween 20 (VWR International). Coupled microspheres were then stored at a concentration of 106 spheres/ml at 4°C in the same blocking buffer. Concentrations of spheres were confirmed by counting on a Bio-Rad T20 Cell Counter.
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