(
Map of Sudan showing the sampling location in West Omdurman, Omdurman city,
Khartoum State.
did not present with typical symptoms or health complaints as indicated by their owners,
were selected randomly for sampling. Briefly, 8 ml of blood was drawn
from the jugular vein; 3 ml was stored in vacutainer tubes with EDTA
(Terumo, Tokyo, Japan) for DNA extraction, and 5 ml was stored in plain
vacutainers (Terumo) for serum separation. Sera were separated by centrifugation into
1.5-ml tubes and kept at −20°C until use. Genomic DNA of each sample
was extracted from whole blood after loading onto Whatman™ FTA™ Elute Cards (GE
Healthcare, Chicago, IL, USA), according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Permission
for this study was obtained according to the standards of animal experimentation at
Obihiro University of Agriculture and Veterinary Medicine (Approval No. 29-2, 18-18,
19-19).