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4 protocols using pepsin reagent

1

Quantifying Estrogen Receptor Alpha in Osteoclasts

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In situ hybridization of ERα mRNA in osteoclasts was performed on FFPE bone sections (n = 4 per group) from the lumbar spine using the RNAScope 2.5 HD Reagent kit (Advanced Cell Diagnostics [ACD], Newark, CA, USA). Then 5‐μm‐thick paraffin sections were deparaffinized, followed by Pepsin Reagent (Sigma) antigen retrieval for 30 min at 37°C. Target probes for ERα (Esr1) (Catalog No. 478201, ACD) and Oscar (Catalog No. 1179641‐C1, ACD) were used with the RNAScope procedure followed according to the manufacturer's instructions. Sections were mounted (VectaMount, Vector Laboratories, Burlingame, CA, USA) and visualized using a ×40 objective of the Nikon Eclipse TI microscope. Approximately 200 osteoclasts were counted per section (in 30 separate fields of view) and scored for ERα positivity.
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2

Osteocyte ERα Expression via In Situ Hybridization

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In situ hybridization of the ERα mRNA transcript in osteocytes was performed on FFPE bone sections (n=4 per group) using the RNAScope 2.5 HD Reagent kit from Advanced Cell Diagnostics (ACD, Newwark, CA). Sections were deparaffinized and antigen retrieval performed using Pepsin Reagent (Sigma) for 30 min at 37°C. An ERα-specific target probe (Catalog #478201, ACD) was used and the RNAScope procedure followed according to the manufacturer’s protocol. Sections were mounted using VectaMount (Vector Laboratories, Burlingame, CA) and visualized using the 40x objective of a EVOS M5000 light microscope (ThermoFisher Scientific). Approximately 200 osteocytes were counted per section (in 10 separate fields of view) and scored for ERα positivity.
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3

Immunohistochemical Evaluation of Type I Collagen Synthesis by DP-MSCs

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Type I collagen synthesis by DP-MSCs was determined using immunohistochemistry as described previously 20 with slight modifications. Briefly, DP-MSCs were cultured for 7 days in fibrin-alone, fibrin/CLIN-PLA-NP or fibrin/PLA-NP hydrogels as described in Section 2.7. Hydrogels were fixed in acidified formal alcohol (AFA; Microm Microtech, France) at 7 1C for 24 h and classically embedded in paraffin. Five mm serial sections were cut, deparaffinized and rehydrated. For antigen retrieval, sections were incubated at 37 1C first in 0.5% hyaluronidase diluted in PBS for 1 h then in Pepsin Reagent (ref R2283, Sigma Aldrich, France) for 15 min. Endogenous peroxidase activity was blocked by incubating the sections in 0.5% hydrogen peroxide for 10 min at RT. To reduce non-specific binding of antibodies, sections were treated with BlockAid TM (Thermo Fisher Scientific, USA) at RT for 1 h. Sections were then incubated with the anti-type I collagen rabbit polyclonal antibody (1/2000) (ref. 20111[380k], Novotec, Bron, France) overnight at 4 1C. Antibody detection was performed with an ImmPRESS s HRP Anti-Rabbit IgG (Peroxidase) Polymer Detection kit (Vector Laboratories, USA). Sections were finally counterstained with hematoxylin, mounted with DEPEX medium (ref 06522, Sigma Aldrich, France) and observed with an Eclipse TE300 microscope.
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4

Immunohistochemical Detection of Elastin and CD3e

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After deparaffinization and rehydration, the antigen retrieval step was carried out by incubating 5 µm sections (i) in pepsin reagent (#R2283, Sigma–Aldrich, Saint Quentin-Fallavier, France) for 5 min at 37 °C for elastin immunodetection or (ii) in 10 mM sodium citrate buffer, pH 6, at 98 °C for 20 min for CD3e immunolabeling. Endogenous peroxidases were then quenched for 10 min at room temperature (RT) in Bloxall® Endogenous Blocking Solution (#SP-6000-100, Vector Laboratories, Burlingame, CA, USA), and non-specific sites were blocked for 30 min at RT with BlockAid™ Blocking Solution (#B10710, Invitrogen™, Illkirch-Graffenstaden, France). elastin (#21600 (1/2000), Abcam, Waltham, MA, USA) or CD3e (#MA1-90582 (1/200), ThermoFisher, Waltham, MA, USA) primary antibodies were incubated in a blocking solution overnight at 4 °C, and biotinylated secondary antibodies were incubated for 30 min at RT. Revelation was performed using ABC Reagent and 3,3′-Diaminobenzidine (DAB) chromogen (R.T.U. Vectastain Universal Elite ABC Kit from Vector Laboratories, #PK-7200, Burlingame, CA, USA), as recommended by the manufacturer, and nuclei were counterstained using hematoxylin (#H-3401-500, Vector Laboratories).
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