Teicoplanin a2

Ramoplanin containing >75% Ramoplanin A₂, vancomycin hydrochloride hydrate salt, teicoplanin containing >80% teicoplanin A₂, and nisin from Lactococcus lactis were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Sydney, Australia). Citropin 1.1 (GLFDVIKKVASVIGGL-NH₂) was purchased from Chiron Mimotopes (Melbourne, Australia). MSSA ATCC 25923 was purchased from the American Type Culture Collection (Manassas, VA). Mueller-Hinton broth (MHB; Bacto Laboratories Pty. Ltd.) was used to grow MSSA for determination of in vitro antibacterial activity in the presence and absence of 50% human serum (Life Technologies Australia, Melbourne, Australia) and time-kill assays. Luria-Bertani (LB) medium (Difco) and MHB adjusted with Ca²⁺ (25 mg/liter) and Mg²⁺ (12.5 mg/liter) (CA-MHB) were used for bacterial growth in the membrane depolarization assay and TEM, respectively. The phospholipids used for SPR analysis, 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoglycerol (POPG), 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (POPC), and 1-palmitoyl-2-oleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (POPE), were purchased from Auspep Pty. Ltd. (Melbourne, Australia).

Vancomycin hydrochloride hydrate salt, teicoplanin containing >80% teicoplanin A₂, ristomycin monosulfate containing >90% ristocetin A and A40926 ≥ 80% purity (HPLC) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich and used without further purification. Dalbavancin (TFA salt) with 97% purity (HPLC) was synthesized based on a published procedure^{34 (link)} as described in the ESI.† The peptide ligand diacetyl-l-Lys-d-Ala-d-Ala (Ac₂-Kaa) was purchased from Chiron-Mimotopes (Melbourne, Australia). MRSA ATCC 43300 and Streptococcus pneumoniae (multi-drug-resistant) ATCC 700677 were purchased from American Type Culture Collection (Manassas, VA, USA). E. faecium (VanA) was a clinical isolate supplied by Prof. D. Paterson from the University of Queensland Centre for Clinical Research (UQCCR, Brisbane, Australia).