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201 protocols using quantichrom urea assay kit

1

Quantifying Urea Levels in Cell Cultures

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The levels of urea produced by CHME5 and Imhu cells were detected by the QuantiChrom Urea Assay kit (BIOassay System, Hayward, CA, USA), used according to the manufacturer’s instructions. Briefly, an aliquot of cell culture media (50 μL) was mixed with 200 μL Urea Reagent (Bioassay system) and the absorbance measured at 430 nm in a spectrophotometric microplate reader (PerkinElmer). A standard curve was generated during each assay in the range of concentrations 0–100 μg/ml using urea as standard. In this range, the detection of urea resulted linear, and the minimum detectable concentration was 3.12 μg/mL. Protein content in each sample was determined by Bradford method (Bio-Rad Laboratories) using BSA as standard.
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2

Generating ADPKD Mouse Model

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Crtc2−/− mice and Pkd1flox/flox; Cre/Esr1+ mice were described previously.[71, 72] The authors generated Pkd1flox/flox; Crtc2−/− mice by crossing Pkd1flox/flox; Cre/Esr1+ mice with Crtc2−/− mice. The activity of Cre recombinase was induced by intraperitoneal injection of tamoxifen (Sigma, T5648) at P10 (10 mg per kg [body weight]) to generate ADPKD mouse model. The kidney tissues were collected on P29. Total area and cyst area measurement were evaluated using the National Institutes of Health ImageJ software. The cyst index was calculated as the ratio of cyst area to total area. Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) was measured in plasma using the QuantiChrom Urea Assay Kit (DIUR, BioAssay Systems). All mice care and experimental protocols were approved by the Ethical Committee of Tianjin Medical University (permit number: SYXK 2009‐00001).
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3

Measuring Albumin and MPO in Tissue

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Albumin concentration was measured with the bromocresol green method [14 ], and MPO was measured in whole TA as previously reported [15 (link)]. TA dilution was calculated by analysing plasma and TA urea levels using a commercial kit (QuantiChrom urea assay kit; Bioassay System, Hayward, CA, USA). The ratio between plasma urea and TA urea reflected TA dilution [16 (link)].
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4

Macrophage Arginase Activity Assay

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50µl of lysed macrophages were transferred in a new 96-well round bottom plate, 50µl of activation solution were added (10mM MnCl2, 50mM TrisCl, pH=7.5) and incubated for 10 minutes at 55°C. 25µl of each well were transferred in a new 96-well round bottom plate, 25µl of substrate solution (0.5M L-arginine, pH = 9.7) were added and incubated for one hour at 37°C. 50µl of each well were transferred in a new 96-well round bottom plate, 200µl of reagent from the QuantiChrom urea assay kit (BioAssay systems, reference DIUR-100) were added and incubated 20 minutes at room temperature in the dark. Absorbance was read at 520nm and results were calculated according to manufacturer’s instructions.
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5

Serum Biomarker Quantification Protocol

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Serum hepcidin concentrations were determined using enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay as previously detailed.11 (link) Serum Erfe concentrations were determined using the Mouse ERFE enzyme–linked immunosorbent assay Kit (Intrinsic LifeSciences), serum EPO using the Quantikine Mouse EPO Kit (R&D Systems), serum urea nitrogen using the QuantiChrom Urea Assay Kit (BioAssay Systems), serum creatinine using the Mouse Creatinine Kit (Crystal Chem), and serum lactate dehydrogenase using the Lactate Dehydrogenase Activity Kit (Sigma-Aldrich).
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6

Evaluation of Hepatocyte Function and Viability

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Cell viability was determined immediately after thawing using the trypan blue exclusion test. Mitochondrial dehydrogenase activity, cell attachment, and hepatocyte specific function were evaluated after maintenance in culture for 24 h. For mitochondrial dehydrogenase activity and cell attachment assay, cells were cultured in collagen-coated 96-well plates (5.0 × 104 cells/well). The mitochondrial dehydrogenase activity of hepatocytes was assessed using an MTT assay.29 (link) Hepatocyte attachment was assessed using the sulforhodamine B (SRB) assay.30 (link) Albumin and urea synthesis were assessed for cells cultured in collagen-coated 24-well plates (3.0 × 105 cells/well). Albumin production was quantified in supernatant using human or rat albumin enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) quantitation kits (Bethyl Laboratories, Montgomery, TX, USA). Urea synthesis was assessed after challenging hepatocytes with ammonium chloride (5 mM) for 6 h at 37 °C. Supernatant was collected and analyzed using the QuantiChrom™ Urea Assay Kit (BioAssay Systems, Hayward, CA, USA).
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7

Nitric Oxide and Urea Quantification

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NO and urea levels were measured in plasma samples using Nitrate/Nitrite Fluorimetric Assay Kit (Cayman) and QuantiChrom™ Urea Assay Kit (DIUR-500) (BioAssay Systems) according to the manufacturers’ protocols.
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8

Quantitative Urea Assay Protocol

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BUN was measured following the manufacturer’s protocol (QuantiChrom Urea Assay Kit, BioAssay Systems, 501078333).
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9

Bioanalysis of Serum Biochemical Markers

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Sera were collected with serum separator tubes and analyzed for cholesterol, triglyceride and phosphate levels via bioanalyzer. Calcium levels were determined colorimetrically using the o-Cresolphthalein complexone kit (Teco Diagnostics, C503-480) as previously described.36 Blood urea nitrogen (BUN) was measured using QuantiChrom Urea Assay Kit (BioAssay System, DIUR-500) [25 (link)].
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10

Blood Serum BUN Analysis in Mice

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Mouse blood samples were collected and placed at room temperature for 40 min. The whole blood samples were centrifuged at 4000 rpm for 10min at 4°C. Serum was collected and stored at 4°C. Serum BUN levels were detected using QuantiChrom™ Urea Assay Kit (DIUR-100, BioAssay Systems) according to the manufacturer’s protocol.
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