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Anti glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate dehydrogenase gapdh antibody

Manufactured by Santa Cruz Biotechnology
Sourced in United States

Anti-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) antibody is a protein detection reagent used to identify the presence and quantity of the GAPDH enzyme in biological samples. GAPDH is a key enzyme involved in the glycolysis pathway and is commonly used as a reference or control protein in various biochemical and cell biology applications.

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14 protocols using anti glyceraldehyde 3 phosphate dehydrogenase gapdh antibody

1

Antibody Characterization for LRRK2 and Rab10

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Anti-Rab10 antibody was from Cell Signaling Technology (#8127) and used at 1:1000 dilution. Rabbit monoclonal antibodies for total LRRK2 (UDD3) and pS935-LRRK2 (UDD2) were purified at the University of Dundee and used at 1:10000 and 1:2000 dilutions respectively. Rabbit monoclonal antibody detecting phospho-Ser1292 LRRK2 was from Abcam (ab203181) and used at a final concentration of 1 μg/ml. Anti-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) antibody was from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (sc-32233) and used at 1:5000 dilution. Sheep polyclonal antibody for phospho-Thr73 Rab10 (S873D) was described previously [13 (link)] and used at final concentration of 1 μg/ml in the presence of 10 μg/ml non-phosphorylated peptide. Horseradish peroxidase-conjugated anti-mouse (#31450), -rabbit (#31460), -rat (#31470) and -sheep IgG secondary antibodies (#31480) were from Thermo Fisher Scientific.
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2

Neutrophil Activation Assay Protocol

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Phorbol 12-myristate 13-acetate, DXM, DNase I, cytochalasin D, and dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCF-DA) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA); Percoll, from GE Healthcare (Little Chalfont, UK); and TLR agonists and TLR antagonists, from InvivoGen (San Diego, CA, USA). Anti-histone H2B and neutrophil elastase antibodies, anti-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) antibody, anti-phosphorylated nuclear factor κB (anti-p-NF-κB, p65) antibody, secondary antibodies coupled to AF488 or AF555, and horseradish peroxidase (HRP) secondary antibody were purchased from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (CA, USA). SYTOX Green, Luria broth, Quant-iT PicoGreen double-stranded deoxyribonucleic acid (dsDNA) assay kit and micro-plates were purchased from ThermoFisher Scientific (Basingstoke, UK).
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3

TGF-β1 Signaling Pathway Analysis

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Recombinant human TGF-β1 was purchased from ProSpec (East Brunswick, NJ, USA). Fetal bovine serum (FBS), Dulbecco's modified Eagle's medium (DMEM), and RPMI 1640 were purchased from Thermo Fisher Scientific (Waltham, MA, USA). Bouin's solution, Giemsa solution, and 4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Antibodies against phospho-smad2/3, phospho-p38, phospho-ERK, smad2/3, p38, ERK, Snail, and E-cadherin were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology, Inc. (Danvers, MA, USA). The anti-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) antibody was obtained from Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Inc. (Santa Cruz, CA, USA).
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4

Antibody Characterization for LRRK2 and Rab Proteins

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Rabbit monoclonal antibodies for LRRK2 phospho-Ser935 (#UDD2) and phospho-Ser910 (#UDD1) were expressed and purified at University of Dundee as described previously [50 (link)]. The C-terminal total LRRK2 mouse monoclonal antibody was from Neuromab (clone N241A/34, #75-253). Rabbit monoclonal antibodies for LRRK2 phospho-Ser1292 (#ab203181), phospho-Ser955 (#ab169521), phospho-Ser973 (#ab181364), and the recombinant MJFF-phospho-Thr73-Rab10 (#ab230261) [51 (link)], MJFF-Rab10 total (#ab237703), MJFF-phospho-Ser106-Rab12 (#ab256487) and MJFF-phospho-Thr71-Rab29 (#ab241062) rabbit monoclonal antibodies were purchased from Abcam. The total Rab10 mouse antibody was from nanoTools (0680–100/Rab10-605B11, www.nanotools.de) [51 (link)]. The total Rab12 sheep polyclonal antibody was generated at University of Dundee, MRC PPU Reagents and Services (first bleed, #SA224). Total Rab12 rabbit polyclonal antibody was from Proteintech (#18843-1-AP). Anti HA rat monoclonal antibody was purchased from Sigma-Roche (clone 3F10, #11867423001). The anti (pan)14-3-3 rabbit polyclonal antibody (#8312) and anti α-tubulin mouse monoclonal antibody (clone DM1A, mAb #3873) were purchased from Cell Signaling Technology. Anti-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) antibody was from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (#sc-32233).
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5

Western Blot Analysis of TMOD3 Protein

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Retinas or cells were lysed in radioimmunoprecipitation assay (RIPA) buffer (Thermo Scientific) with protease and phosphatase inhibitors (Sigma-Aldrich). Lysates then were placed in SDS sample buffer and heated at 100°C for 5 min. Proteins were separated by SDS-PAGE, transferred to polyvinylidene fluoride membranes, and probed with an anti-TMOD3 antibody (Aviva Systems Biology) and anti-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) antibody (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Dallas, TX, USA). Horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-conjugated anti-mouse IgG and anti-rabbit IgG secondary antibodies (GE Healthcare Life Sciences, Marlborough, MA, USA) were used. Signals were detected with the Novex ECL Chemiluminescent Substrate Reagent Kit (Invitrogen).
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6

Evaluating Cisplatin Resistance in HepG2 Cells

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HepG2 cells were obtained from the American Type Culture Collection (ATCC, Manassas, VA, USA). HepG2/DDP cells were obtained from the Cell Bank, Chinese Academy of Sciences, Shanghai, People’s Republic of China. Cisplatin, UA, and dichloro-dihydro-fluorescein diacetate were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Co. (St Louis, MO, USA). Cell Counting Kit 8 (CCK8), JC-1 dye, and BCA Protein Assay Kit were obtained from Beyotime (Nantong, People’s Republic of China). Annexin V Fluorescein Isothiocyanate Apoptosis KGA107 Detection Kit was purchased from KeyGene (Nanjing, People’s Republic of China). Dulbecco’s Modified Eagle’s Medium and fetal bovine serum were obtained from Thermo Fisher Scientific (Waltham, MA, USA). Polyvinylidene difluoride (PVDF) membrane was obtained from EMD Millipore (Billerica, MA, USA). Anti-Nrf2, anti-HO-1, anti-NQO1, anti-GST, anti-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) antibody, and horseradish-peroxidase-conjugated secondary antibody were obtained from Santa Cruz Biotechnology Inc. (Dallas, TX, USA).
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7

Aβ-induced Signaling Pathway Inhibition

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Aβ was purchased from AnaSpec (CA, USA). Anti-phospho-phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (pPI3K), PI3K, phosphor-Akt (pAkt), and Akt antibodies were obtained from Cell Signaling Technology (MA, USA). β-amyrin and anti-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) antibody were obtained from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Santa Cruz, CA, USA). LY294002 and U0126 were obtained from Tocris Bioscience (MO, USA).
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8

Molecular Mechanisms of Colitis Treatment

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BS and AC extracts were provided by CHAMMAC Co., Ltd. (Goyang, Korea). Dextran sulfate sodium (DSS MW 36,000–50,000) was purchased from MP Biomedicals (Solon, OH, USA). The anti-phospho-STAT3 (Tyr705), anti-STAT3, anti-phospho-p65 (Ser536), anti-p65, and anti-cyclooxygenase-2 (COX-2) antibodies were obtained from Cell Signaling Technology (Danvers, MA, USA). Anti-glyceraldehyde-3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) antibody was obtained from Santa Cruz Biotechnology (Santa Cruz, CA, USA). Anti-inducible nitric oxide synthase (iNOS) antibody was purchased from Merck Millipore (Lake Placid, NY, USA).
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9

Immunoblot Analysis of IGFBP-1 and Signaling Pathways

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Growth-arrested ASM cells were exposed to FP (100 nM), then total proteins were extracted. Immunoblot analyses were conducted as we reported previously [25 (link), 26 (link)] using IGFBP-1 antibody (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Santa Cruz, CA). For normalization purposes, an anti-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) antibody (Santa Cruz Biotechnology) was used to stain the corresponding stripped nitrocellulose membrane.
In parallel experiments, growth-arrested AASMC were treated with PDGF 10 ng/ml for 24 hr in and/or FP (100 nM) and/or of IGFBP-1 (1μg/ml) added 2 and 3 hr before, respectively, then total proteins were extracted. Immunoblot analyses were conducted as we reported previously [25 (link), 26 (link)] using several phosphorylated antibodies against focal adhesion kinase (FAK), AKT, p38, ERK, c-Jun N-terminal kinase (JNK) (Cell signaling Technologies, Danvers, MA). For normalization purposes, anti-total FAK, AKT, p38, ERK1/2, or JNK (Santa Cruz Biotechnology) antibodies were used to stain the corresponding stripped nitrocellulose membrane. A quantification of the intensity of the western blot band signals was then conducted as we previously reported using ImageJ image processing software (National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD) [25 (link), 26 (link)].
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10

Synthesis and Purification of hIAPP

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The hIAPP was synthesized using t-boc chemistry and purified by reverse phase high-performance liquid chromatography (Shanghai Zi Yu Biotech Co. Ltd., Shanghai, China). 1,1,1,3,3,3-Hexafluoro-2-propanol (HFIP), palmitate (PA), thioflavin-T (ThT) and STZ were purchased from Sigma (St. Louis, MO, USA). Enzymatic diagnostic kits for plasma glucose and triglyceride were purchased from Randox (Crumlin Co., Antrim, UK). The lactate dehydrogenase (LDH) assay kit and TUNEL kit were purchased from Roche (Roche, USA). The sandwich enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kits of insulin and rIAPP were obtained from R&D (R&D, IL, USA). The anti-IAPP, and IRβ antibodies were purchased from Abcam (Cambridge, UK). Anti-Cleaved caspase3 antibody was purchased from Cell signaling (Cell signaling Technology, MA, USA). The anti-glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate dehydrogenase (GAPDH) antibody was obtained from Santa Cruz (Santa Cruz, CA, USA). The RPMI-1640 medium and the fetal bovine serum (FBS) were purchased from Gibco BRL (Gaithersburg, MD, USA). The water used in all experiments was ultrapure, and supplied by a Milli-Q water purification system from Millipore.
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