Dynapro titan

Nanosized TMDs were prepared according to the procedure published in the literature.⁶⁹ Briefly, raw solid MoS₂ or WS₂ was mixed with sodium cholate in 5 : 1 (w/w) ratio in 300 mL of water and sonicated for 20 h using the ultrasonic processor (120 W and 20 kHz with pulse-on for 2 s and pulse-off for 4 s) in the ice bath to prevent overheating. The resultant black dispersion was centrifuged at 3000 rpm for 30 min. The yellow-green supernatant containing dispersed TMDs was separated from the precipitate and subjected to another centrifugation using a higher speed at 12 000 rpm for 30 min. The nanosized TMD pellet at the bottom of the tube was redispersed in water and sonicated to extract the intercalated sodium cholate. This new dispersion was centrifuged at 12 000 rpm for 30 min and washed with water. The centrifugation and washing step was repeated at least three times to remove sodium cholate completely. Resulting precipitate was dispersed in 300 mL of deionized water to prepare a suspension of nanosized TMD particles. Hydrodynamic size of the nanosized TMDs was measured using dynamic light scattering (DLS), DynaPro Titan, Wyatt Technology Corporation, USA.

Images were obtained using a JEM-2100F transmission electron microscope (TEM; JEOL Ltd., Tokyo, Japan). The Brunauer–Emmett–Teller surface area, N₂ adsorption–desorption isotherms, and pore volume were obtained using the Micrometritics ASAP 2010 instrument (Micrometritics, Norcross, GA, USA). Fourier transform infrared (FT-IR) spectra were acquired using the Nicolet iS10 instrument (Thermo Fisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA). In addition, thermogravimetric analysis (TGA) was performed using the STA449C thermal analysis instrument (Netzsch, Germany). High-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) was performed using the Agilent HP1100 instrument (Agilent Technologies, Santa Clara, CA, USA). Dynamic light scattering (DLS) was performed using the TC type Dynapro Titan instrument (Wyatt Technology, Santa Barbara, CA, USA).