Thermo k alpha

The hydrodynamic size distribution of MNPs was analyzed using dynamic light scattering (DLS) measurements (ZetaSizer NanoZS 90, Malvern, UK). Scanning electron microscopy (SEM) was used to examine the morphology of MNP, unmodified QTF, MNP modified QTFs, and anti-IgG doped MNP modified QTF. Samples were fixed onto aluminum stub surfaces using double-sided carbon tape and coated with a gold-palladium (Au-Pd; 60-40%) mixture via sputter-coating. The specimens were then observed under SEM operating at 7.5 kV, and 30 kV, with an original magnification of 20,000× and 65,000× (Apreo S model-FEG, Thermo Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA). Utilizing ImageJ ® software version 1.54d (NIH, Bethesda, MD, USA), the average diameter of the MNPs was determined from SEM images captured at various locations. The results are presented as the mean value ± standard deviation.
X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was used to characterize the chemical composition of MNP modified QTF, anti-IgG loaded MNP modified QTF, and after IgG detection with anti-IgG loaded MNP modified QTF. A Thermo K-Alpha (Thermo Fisher Sci., Waltham, MA, USA) instrument and a Thermo K-Alpha monochromatic high-performance XPS spectrometer (Thermo Fisher Sci., Waltham, MA, USA) at a pressure of 1 × 10 -9 torr were used for XPS characterization. A 400 µm spot size was used per sample.

All electrochemical measurements were performed using an Ivium Compactstat 104 Model B08084 (Ivium Technologies NL). A step potential of 1 mV was used in cyclic voltammetry experiments. Electrochemical impedance spectroscopy (EIS) was performed at open circuit potential (OCP = 0.19 V vs. SCE) in a 5 mM Fe(CN)6 3-and 5 mM Fe(CN)6 4-containing 0.1 M KNO3 solution with an amplitude of 10 mV. The frequency was varied from 10 kHz to 0.01 Hz. Equivalent circuit data fitting was carried out using ZView software.
X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) experiments were performed using a Thermo K Alpha (Thermo Scientific) spectrometer (operating at ≈ 10 -8 -10 -9 Torr), a 180° double focusing hemispherical analyzer running in constant analyzer energy (CAE) mode with a 128-channel detector. A mono-chromated Al Kα radiation source (1486.7 eV) was used. Peak fitting was performed with XPS Peak Fit (v. 4.1) software using Shirley background subtraction. Peaks were referenced to the adventitious carbon C1s peak (284.6 eV) and peak areas were normalized to the photoelectron cross-section of the F1s photoelectron signal using atomic sensitivity factors. 21

Si MAS NMR data were collected at 4.7 T (39.69 MHz resonance frequency) using a 5 mm MAS NMR probe. Powdered samples were packed into 5 mm zirconia rotors and all measurements were conducted using 5 kHz sample spinning. Measurements were made with signal averaging of 320 to 2200 acquisitions, using /6 pulse widths of 1.4 s and recycle delays of 90 s. 29 Si spectra were processed without additional line broadening and referenced to tetramethylsilane at 0.0 ppm.
X-ray photoelectron (XPS; Thermo K-alpha; Thermo Fisher Scientific) spectroscopy was used to study the structural coordination of molybdenum (Mo 3d) and neodymium (Nd 3d and Nd 4d) in glasses. The glasses were fractured prior their analysis by XPS. All the spectra were deconvoluted in CASA XPS software using Gaussian-Lorentzian peak fitting after Shirley background subtraction. 30 The deconvolutions were carried out subject to the constraint of a constant full width half maxima (FWHM) for the same element. All photoelectron binding energies were referenced to adventitious C 1s contamination peaks at a binding energy of 285.0 eV.