(C6H8O7, AR grade), formamide (CH3NO, AR grade), acridine orange (C17H19N3, biotechnology grade), tetraethyl orthosilicate (C8H20O4Si, GC grade), ammonium hydroxide
solution (NH3·H2O, AR grade), triethylamine
(C6H15N, AR grade), glutaric anhydride (C5H6O3, 98%), sodium chloride (NaCl, AR
grade), (3-aminopropyl)triethoxysilane (C9H23NO3Si, 99%), N-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)-N′-ethylcarbodiimide hydrochloride (C8H17N3·HCl, 98.5%), and N-hydroxysuccinimide (C4H5NO3, 99%)
were purchased from Shanghai Macklin Biochemical Co., Ltd. Ethanol
anhydrous (C2H6O, AR grade), methanol (CH4O, AR grade), acetone (C3H6O, AR grade),
and toluene (C7H8, AR grade) were purchased
from Sinopharm Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. The other reagents used
were of AR grade without further purification, and ultrapure water
was used in all experiments. The miR-92a-3p, DNA probe, amino-modified
DNA (NH2-DNA) probe, and unmatched targets were purchased
from Shanghai Genepharma Co., Ltd. Their sequences are listed in
serum was isolated from the healthy sample from the Second Hospital
of Shandong University. The apparatus used are given in the