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8 protocols using ammonia solution

1

Synthesis and Characterization of Metal-Organic Complexes

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The chemicals in this study were of analytical grade and were used as received without further purification. PTA sodium salt from rice (molecular formula: C6H18O24P6 xNa+·yH2O; molecular weight: 660.04) with ≥90 purity and CS, deacetylated at 75%–85%, sodium amp salt (>98% purity; molecular weight: 371.4 g/mol) were acquired from Sigma-Aldrich (St Louis, MO, USA). Aqueous acetic acid solution (99.8%) was supplied by Hamburg Industries (Hamburg, Germany). Ferrous chloride tetrahydrate (FeCl2·4H2O, ≥99% purity) and ferric chloride hexahydrate (FeCl3·6H2O, ≥99% purity) were obtained from Merck KGaA (Darmstadt, Germany). Ammonia solution (25%) was purchased from Scharlau (Sentmenat, Barcelona, Spain). Deionized water was used in each experiment.
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2

Synthesis of Iron-Based Nanoparticles

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Distilled deionized water (18.2 M·Ωcm−1) was used in all experiments. Iron (II) chloride tetrahydrate (FeCl2·4H2O ≥ 99%), iron (III) chloride hexahydrate (FeCl3·6H2O, 99%), and polyvinyl alcohol (98% degree of hydrolysis) were purchased from Merck, Germany. Polyethylene glycol, average M.W. 300, was purchased as a raw material from Acros Organics BVBA. Ammonia solution (25%) was obtained from Scharlau, and gallic acid with 97% purity was supplied by Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO).
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3

Synthesis and Coating of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles

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Analytical grade chemicals were used in this work without further purification. Chemicals used for the synthesis of iron oxide nanoparticles were ferrous chloride tetrahydrate (FeCl2·4H2O ≥ 99%, Merck KGaA, Darmstadt,   Germany), ferric chloride hexahydrate (FeCl3·6H2O, 99%, Merck, KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany), and ammonia solution (25%) from Scharlau. For coating of iron oxide with polymer, polyethylene glycol with average M.W. 300 was used, purchased as a raw material from Acros Organics BVBA. 6-Mercaptopurine monohydrate with 99.5% purity was purchased from Acros Organics (Fair Lawn, NJ, USA). Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) was supplied by Ajax Finechem (Sydney, Australia) and distilled deionized water (18.2 M·Ωcm−1) was used throughout the experiments.
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4

Synthesis and Functionalization of Magnetic Nanoparticles

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Ferrous chloride tetrahydrate (FeCl2·4H2O) and ferric chloride hexahydrate (FeCl3·6H2O) with 99% purity were supplied by Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). Ammonia solution (25%) was obtained from Scharlau (Barcelona, Spain). In order to coat the magnetite nanoparticles with polymer, polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) with an average M.W. of 6000 was used, which was sourced from Acros Organics (Morris plains, NJ, USA). Aluminum nitrate (Al(NO3)3·9H2O) (98.5% purity) and magnesium nitrate (Mg(NO3)2·6H2O) (99% purity) were acquired from ChemAR (Kielce, Poland). 5-fluorouracil (C4H3FN2O2) was purchased from AKSci (Union, CA, USA) at 98% purity. Dimethyl sulfoxide ((CH3)2SO) of 99% purity was also used as a solvent for the drug and was obtained from Sigma Aldrich (St Louis, MO, USA). Deionized water (18.2 M Ωcm−1) was used in the preparation of all the aqueous solution.
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5

Synthesis of Functionalized Silica Nanoparticles

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L-tryptophan (98%), decanoyl chloride (98%), sodium hydroxide (97%), sodium bicarbonate (97%), 3-aminopropyl trimethoxysilane (97%), tetraethyl orthosilicate (98%), butyric acid (99%), cetyltrimethylammonium bromide (99%), and dichloromethane (99.8%) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Tetrahydrofuran (TFH, 99.5%), hydrochloric acid (35% w/w), oleic acid (99%), palmitic acid (99%), citric acid (99%), ammonia solution (32% w/w), iron (III) chloride (97%), iron (II) chloride tetrahydrate (99%), and sodium chloride (99.5%) were supplied by Scharlab (Barcelona, Spain).
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6

Glycan Analysis Using PNGase F

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Formic acid, ammonium-hydroxide, acetic acid, acetonitrile, picoline borane, procainamide-hydrochloride and dimethyl sulfoxide were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). Phosphate-Buffered Saline was obtained from VWR (Radnor, PA, USA). Ammonia solution was obtained from Scharlab S.L. (Barcelona, Spain). PNGase F was obtained from New England Biolabs (Ipswich, MA, USA).
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7

Synthesis of Metal-Based Nanomaterials

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Deionized water (18.2 MΩcm−1) was used in all the experiments. Ferrous chloride tetrahydrate (FeCl2.4H2O) and ferric chloride hexahydrate (FeCl3.6H2O) with 99% purity were procured from Merck (Germany). Polyethylene glycol, with 6000 molecular mass was purchased from Acros Organics (USA). Ammonia solution (25%) was acquired from Scharlau (Barcelona, Spain). Aluminum nitrate (Al (NO3)3.9H2O ≥98.5%), zinc nitrate hexahydrate Zn (NO3)2·6H2O with 98% purity and magnesium nitrate (Mg (NO3)2·6H2O ≥99%) were supplied by ChemAR (Kielce, Poland). 5-fluorouracil (C4H3FN2O2) is a liver anti-cancer drug with 98% purity was obtained from AKSci (CA, USA) and dimethyl sulfoxide ((CH3)2SO with 99% purity) was obtained from Sigma Aldrich (Germany) and they were used in this study.
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8

Synthesis of Iron Oxide Nanoparticles

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Iron (III) chloride hexahydrate, iron (II) tetrachloride hexahydrate, oleic acid, hexadecyltrimethylammonium bromide (CTAB) and tetraethyl orthosilicate (TEOS) were purchased form Sigma. Ammonia solution (32%), ethanol and ethyl acetate were purchased from Scharlau. Chloroform was obtained from Acros Organics.
Distilled water was used in all reactions.
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