Histamine

All used chemicals, solvents, and reagents were purchased and obtained from authorized sources and of analytical grade. Omeprazole was purchased as Omepak^® 40 mg capsules (South Egypt Drug Industries Company “SEDICO”, 6th of October City, Egypt). Misoprostol was obtained as a gift from Sigma Pharmaceutical Company, Egypt. Assay: 1.04%. Gastrin (catalog number: MBS704511), histamine (catalog number: MBS732202), SOD (catalog number: MBS036924), PG-E₂ (catalog number: MBS705028), and PG-I₂ (catalog number: MBS743424) reagent kits were purchased as the rat ELISA kit from MyBiosource, Inc., Southern California, San Diego, CA, USA. The MDA reagent kit was purchased as the rat ELISA kit (catalog number: LS-F28018) from Life Span BioSciences, Inc., Seattle, Washington, DC, USA. The NO reagent kit (catalog number: 917-010) was purchased as the nitric oxide (NO₂⁻/NO₃⁻) assay kit from Assay Designs^TM, Inc., Ann Arbor City, MI, USA. The GSH reagent kit was purchased as the rat ELISA kit (catalog number: E02G0367) from ShangHai BlueGene Biotech co., LTD., Shanghai, China. The primary antibodies for western blot analysis of TNF-α, IL-1β, CBS, and HO-1 were purchased from Thermo–Fisher Scientific, Rockford, IL, USA.

We extracted blood samples from the heart of the test mice on the final day of experiments. The plasma levels of MMP-1, MMP-2, MMP-9, histamine, hyaluronidase, hyaluronic acid, IL-6, TNF-α, and AGEs were determined using commercial ELISA kits (MMP-1: MyBioSource, San Diego, CA, USA; MMP-2, MMP-9, hyaluronic acid, and TNF-α: R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN, USA; histamine: Bertin Pharm., Montigny-le-Bretonneux, France; hyaluronidase: AB Clonal Inc., Tokyo, Japan; IL-6: Proteintech, Rosemont, IL, USA; and AGEs: OxiSelect AGE connection ELISA kit, Cell Biolabs Inc., San Diego, CA, USA), according to the instructions of the respective manufacturers.