CFA (catalog no. F5881), DHA (catalog no. D2534), olive oil (vehicle; catalog no. W530191) and naloxone (NLX; catalog no. N7758) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Toluca, Mexico). DHA was dissolved in olive oil and administered by oral gavage or intraarticular injection.
Naloxone nlx
Manufactured by Merck Group
Sourced in Mexico, United States
Naloxone (NLX) is a synthetic opioid antagonist used as a pharmacological tool in research. It functions by competitively binding to and blocking the effects of opioid agonists at opioid receptor sites, primarily the μ-opioid receptor.
Automatically generated - may contain errors
2 protocols using naloxone nlx
1
Oral and Intra-articular DHA Administration
2
CFA-Induced Inflammatory Pain Model in Rats
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Rats were intraplantarly (i.pl.) injected into the right hind paws with 150 μl CFA (Calbiochem, Darmstadt, Germany) for 4 d. Separate groups of rats were treated with i.pl. injection of LPS, naloxone (NLX) (both Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA) or TAK-242, resatorvid, a small molecule TLR4 inhibitor (MedChem Express, HY-11109, Princeton, NJ, USA). Doses were chosen according to pilot experiments or previous experiments [50 (link),52 (link)].
For immunodepletion rats were treated with cyclophosphamide (CTX) (Baxter, Unterschleissheim, Germany) according to an established protocol [27 (link)], because selective monocyte/macrophages depletion using clodronate has previously been unsuccessful [23 (link)]. Animals were injected i.p. 3 d and 1 d before the experiment with 100 mg/kg and 50 mg/kg of cyclophosphamide as well as on day two after CFA i.pl. This treatment results in over 90% reduction in circulating leukocytes [26 (link)]. No change in basal nociceptive thresholds after this treatment has been observed before [28 (link)].
For immunodepletion rats were treated with cyclophosphamide (CTX) (Baxter, Unterschleissheim, Germany) according to an established protocol [27 (link)], because selective monocyte/macrophages depletion using clodronate has previously been unsuccessful [23 (link)]. Animals were injected i.p. 3 d and 1 d before the experiment with 100 mg/kg and 50 mg/kg of cyclophosphamide as well as on day two after CFA i.pl. This treatment results in over 90% reduction in circulating leukocytes [26 (link)]. No change in basal nociceptive thresholds after this treatment has been observed before [28 (link)].
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