Nanotubes were annealed at either 3 or 1.8 μM tile concentration by mixing each tile strand at 3 or 1.8 μM (final concentration), in Tris-Acetate-EDTA (TAE) and 12.4 mM MgCl2. Nanopure water was added to achieve the appropriate concentration of components. All nanotube designs, except those which were to be ligated, were annealed using an Eppendorf Mastercycler PCR machine by heating the sample to 90°C, and cooling it to 25°C over a 6 h period. Nanotubes which were to be ligated were annealed by heating the sample to 90°C, and cooling it to 25°C over a 54 h period.
Nanotubes were ligated at 1.2 μM using New England Biolabs (NEB) T4 DNA Ligase (# M0202S; 20 000 units) at 1.0 units/μl and NEB T4 DNA Ligase buffer (# B0202S, 10×, 10 mM MgCl2, 50 mM Tris-HCl, 1 mM ATP, 10 mM DTT, pH 7.5 at 25°C) at 1×. Nanotubes were incubated at room temperature for at least 2 days in ligation solution preceding experiments.