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5 protocols using anti phosphorylated nf κb

1

Irradiation-Induced Lacrimal Gland Pathways

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The samples were obtained from extraorbital lacrimal glands, which were removed bilaterally for histopathological evaluations and immunoblotting 2, 6, 8, and 12 weeks after irradiation. The tissues were homogenized in RIPA buffer (#89900. Thermo scientific. Waltham, MA, USA). Amounts of protein were measured by BCA assay kit (Pierce, Rockford, IL, USA) according to the manufacturer’s protocol. Proteins (50 µg) were loaded and electroblotted. The blots were probed with primary antibodies against monoclonal anti-NFAT5 (Santa Cruz Biotechnology, Santa Cruz, CA, USA), polyclonal anti-cleaved caspase-3, anti-phosphorylated NF-κB, p38, pJNK, and pERK purchased from Cell Signaling Technology (Danvers, MA, USA) at 4 °C overnight. The primary antibody was visualized by a secondary antibody and an ECL kit (Amersham Pharmacia Biotech, Piscataway, NJ, USA).
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2

Western Blot Analysis of Signaling Proteins

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After drug treatment, the cell lysate was separated by SDS-PAGE and transferred to nitrocellulose membrane. After being blocked in Tris-buffered saline (TBS) containing 0.1% Tween 20 (v/v) and 5% BSA (w/v) at room temperature for 2 h, the membranes were rinsed and incubated at 4 °C overnight with anti-NP protein (Santa Cruz, USA), anti-phosphorylated NF-κB, Akt, EGFR, PKCα antibodies, or anti-β-actin and GAPDH antibodies (Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, USA) as control. The membranes were washed and incubated with AP-labeled secondary antibody (1:2000 dilutions) at RT for 2 h. The protein bands were then visualized by incubating with the developing solution (p-nitro blue tetrazolium chloride (NBT) and 5-bromo-4-chloro-3-indolyl phosphate toluidine (BCIP)) at RT for 30 min. The relative densities of proteins were all determined by using ImageJ (NIH) v.1.33 u (USA).
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3

Phosphorylated NF-κB Immunostaining

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106/ml LAN5 cells were cultured on Lab-Tek II Chambered Coverglass (Nunc) and treated as described above. After washing in PBS, the cells were fixed in 4% paraformaldehyde for 30 min and stored at 4°C. After incubation with 3% BSA/PBS for 1 h, the cells were immunostained with anti-phosphorylated-NFκB (1 : 100; Cell Signaling) antibody at 4°C overnight. After washing in PBS, the samples were incubated with anti-rabbit Cy3-conjugate secondary antibody (1 : 500; Sigma). For nuclear staining, the cells were incubated with Hoechst 33258 (5 μg/ml) for 20 minutes. After washing, the cells were visualized by using a Leica DM5000 upright microscope (Leica Microsystems, Heidelberg, Germany) at 20x magnification.
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4

Immunoblot Analysis of Cell Signaling

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Immunoblot assays were conducted as described previously [28 (link)]. The following primary antibodies were used: anti-IGFBP3 (1:1000, GTX113364, GeneTex, Irvine, CA, USA), anti-cytochrome c (1:1000, 556,433, BD Biosciences, Franklin Lakes, NJ, USA), anti-cleaved caspase 3 (1:500, IMG-144A, IMGENEX, San Diego, CA, USA), anti-light chain 3B (1:500, LC3B, GTX127375, GeneTex), anti-NF-κB (1:1000, #6956, Cell Signaling), anti-phosphorylated NF-κB (1:1000, #3033, Cell Signaling), anti-IκBα (1:1000, ab76429, Abcam, Cambridge, UK), anti-phosphorylated IκBα S32 (1:1000, ab92700, Abcam), and anti-α-tubulin (1:5000, GTX628802, GeneTex). Protein levels were determined by measuring the intensity of bands on western blots using ImageJ (National Institutes of Health, Bethesda, MD, USA). Protein levels were normalized against α-tubulin as an internal control. The relative ratio was calculated by dividing the normalized protein levels in stably expressing cells with that in control cells.
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5

Inhibition of NF-κB and MAPK Signaling

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The following reagents were used: dexamethasone (Sigma, Dorset, UK), H2O2 (Sigma, Dorset, UK), azithromycin, LY294002, BEZ235 (Selleck, Houston, USA), and tumor necrosis factor α (TNFα) (Sigma, Dorset, UK). The following antibodies were used: goat anti-rabbit (Abcam, Cambridge, UK), anti-phosphorylated NF-κB (Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, USA), anti-phosphorylated c-Jun (Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, USA), and anti-phosphorylated c-Fos (Cell Signaling Technology, Danvers, USA).
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