Serum TNF-α concentrations were measured using a commercial available high-sensitivity enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) kit (R&D Systems, Minneapolis, MN, USA). The lower limit of detection is 0.106 pg/mL, and the intra- and inter-assay coefficients of variation of the assay were 3.1 and 7.2 %, respectively.
The urinary TNF-α values were below or just at the threshold of detection using a
human TNF-α Platinum ELISA kit (eBioscience, San Diego, CA, USA); therefore, the values were measured again using a
high-sensitivity ELISA kit (R&D Systems).
Serum hs-CRP levels were measured using a latex agglutination method and an
automatic analyzer (Hitachi, Tokyo, Japan).
Han S.J., Kim H.J., Kim D.J., Sheen S.S., Chung C.H., Ahn C.W., Kim S.H., Cho Y.W., Park S.W., Kim S.K., Kim C.S., Kim K.W, & Lee K.W. (2015). Effects of pentoxifylline on proteinuria and glucose control in patients with type 2 diabetes: a prospective randomized double-blind multicenter study. Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome, 7, 64.