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Bupivacaine hydrochloride

Manufactured by Tokyo Chemical Industry
Sourced in Japan

Bupivacaine hydrochloride is a chemical compound used as a local anesthetic. It is a white, crystalline powder that is soluble in water. The primary function of bupivacaine hydrochloride is to provide pain relief by temporarily blocking the transmission of pain signals from the affected area.

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2 protocols using bupivacaine hydrochloride

1

Examining Neurological Drug Effects

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Drugs used were lamotrigine (Toronto Research Chemicals Inc., Canada), carbamazepine, phenytoin, sodium valproate (Wako Pure Chemical Industries, Ltd., Osaka, Japan), oxcarbazepine, gabapentin, topiramate, and bupivacaine hydrochloride (Tokyo Chemical Industries, Co. Ltd., Tokyo, Japan). Levobupivacaine hydrochloride was kindly gifted by Maruishi Pharmaceutical Co. Ltd. (Osaka, Japan). All of drugs (except for gabapentin, topiramate, and sodium valproate which were directly dissolved in Ringer's solution) were first dissolved in dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) as a stock solution and then diluted to the desired concentrations in Ringer's solution immediately before use, where the concentration of DMSO was less than 2%. Drugs at concentrations larger than 10 mM were not tested, because a change in osmotic pressure may affect CAPs. The pH of Ringer's solution containing drugs was adjusted to 7.0 with NaOH.
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2

Polymer-based Antimicrobial Delivery System

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Kolliphor P407 was purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Corp. and reverse pluronics, 31R1 and 25R4, were obtained from BASF. The approximate molecular weights and block fractions of the triblock polymers are included in Table 1. The weight fractions of each block were confirmed using 1H NMR as detailed in SI.1. Sodium dodecyl sulfate (≥ 99.0%), (R)-(+)-Limonene (97%), and ciprofloxacin (≥ 98%) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich Corp and bupivacaine hydrochloride (>98.0%) was purchased from Tokyo Chemical Industry. All chemicals were used as received with no additional purification. Samples were formulated using distilled water.
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