Rhodamine b 1 2 dihexadecanoyl sn glycero 3 phosphoethanolamine

The saturated phospholipid 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC), the unsaturated phospholipid 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DOPC), and cholesterol (Chol) were purchased from Avanti Polar Lipids (Alabaster, AL, USA). Rhodamine B 1,2-dihexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine (triethylammonium salt; Rho-DHPE) and 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphoethanolamine-N-(7-nitrobenz-2-1,3-benzoxadiazol-4-yl) (ammonium salt; NBD-PE) were obtained from Thermo Fisher Scientific (Waltham, MA, USA) and Avanti Polar Lipids, respectively. Oleic acid (C18:1, cis-9; OA), palmitOleic acid (C16:1, cis-9; PaA), and d-(+)-glucose were acquired from Nacalai Tesque (Kyoto, Japan). Eicosenoic acid (C20:1, cis-9; EiA) was obtained from Larodan Fine Chemicals (Malmö, Sweden). Ultrapure water (specific resistivity ≥ 18 MΩ·cm) was obtained from a Millipore Milli-Q purification system (Burlington, MA, USA). The chemical structures of the lipids and MUFAs used in this study are shown in Figure S1.

Unsaturated lipids, 1,2-dioleoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DOPC), saturated lipids, 1,2-dipalmitoyl-sn-glycero-3-phosphocholine (DPPC), and Chol were purchased from Avanti Polar Lipids (Alabaster, AL, USA). Fluorescent probes, Rhodamine B 1,2-dihexadecanoyl-sn-glycero-3 phosphoethanolamine, and triethylammonium salt (Rhod-DHPE) were purchased from Thermo Fisher Scientific (Waltham, MA, USA). Rhod-DHPE molecules are mainly located in the DOPC-rich L_d phase. The LAs 2-(diethylamino)-N-(2,6-dimethylphenyl)acetamide (lidocaine) and 2-(dimethylamino)ethyl 4-(butylamino)benzoate (tetracaine) were purchased from Nacalai Tesque (Kyoto, Japan) and Tokyo Chemical Industry (Tokyo, Japan), respectively. Ultrapure water (specific resistance ≥18 MΩ) was obtained using a Millipore Milli-Q purification system (Merck Millipore, Billerica, MA, USA). The chemical structures of the lipids and LAs are shown in Figure 1.