To compare hydrolysis of olive and linseed oil into glycerol and fatty acids by the enzyme lipase and to study water attraction by produced glycerol during this process, a commercially available lipase (from Candida rugosa via Sigma Aldrich) was applied on both oils. One Unit of lipase is defined as the amount of enzyme that hydrolyzes 1.0 microequivalent of fatty acid from olive oil in 1 hr at pH 7.2 at 37°C (incubation time 30 min). lipase solutions (200 or 2,000 Units (U) per ml) were prepared in autoclaved demineralized water. A droplet of 5 μl of lipase solution containing 1 or 10 U lipase was applied on a hydrophilic PVDF filter with pore size 0.22 μm (Merck Millipore). The filter was dried at room conditions for at least 15 min until the fluid of the suspension has evaporated, and was placed on 20 μl of oil. The filters were incubated at the same conditions as the filters for the growth experiments, and at different time moments, FT‐IR spectra of two or three samples were obtained as described in the subsection hydrolysis of oil. To compare conversion of the two oils by lipase a two‐tailed, unpaired Welch's t test with alpha 0.05 was used. All statistical analyses were done in Microsoft Excel.
Lipase
Manufactured by Merck Group
Sourced in United States, Germany, China, Poland, Japan, United Kingdom, Spain, Italy
Lipase is a laboratory instrument used to measure the activity or concentration of the enzyme lipase in biological samples. Lipase is an enzyme that catalyzes the breakdown of fats (lipids) into smaller components, such as fatty acids and glycerol. The Lipase product provides a reliable and accurate method for the quantitative analysis of lipase levels, which can be important for the diagnosis and monitoring of various medical conditions.
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Lab products found in correlation
Pepsin, by Merck Group (39 mentions)
α amylase, by Merck Group (33 mentions)
Pancreatin, by Merck Group (20 mentions)
Trypsin, by Merck Group (19 mentions)
Proteinase k, by Merck Group (14 mentions)
Bovine serum albumin (bsa), by Merck Group (13 mentions)
Orlistat, by Merck Group (11 mentions)
α glucosidase, by Merck Group (9 mentions)
Mucin, by Merck Group (9 mentions)
Lysozyme, by Merck Group (8 mentions)
Bile salt, by Merck Group (8 mentions)
Acarbose, by Merck Group (7 mentions)
α chymotrypsin, by Merck Group (7 mentions)
Hydrochloric acid (hcl), by Merck Group (7 mentions)
2 2 diphenyl 1 picrylhydrazyl (dpph), by Merck Group (7 mentions)
Quercetin, by Merck Group (6 mentions)
Catalase, by Merck Group (6 mentions)
Methanol, by Merck Group (6 mentions)
Porcine bile extract, by Merck Group (6 mentions)
Amylase, by Merck Group (5 mentions)
128 protocols using lipase
1
Comparative Analysis of Oil Hydrolysis by Lipase
2
Enzymatic Degradation of BPUR Meshes
3
Extraction and Characterization of Mangrove Fruit Polysaccharides
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A. marina (Forssk.) Vierh. fruits were collected from Beihai (Guangxi, China). Monosaccharide standards, such as mannose (Man), ribose (Rib), arabinose (Ara), and fucose (Fuc), and bovine serum albumin (BSA), were obtained from Aladdin Chemical Reagent Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). 3, 5-Dinitrosalicylic acid (DNS) was obtained from Shanghai Solarbio Bioscience & Technology Co., Ltd (Shanghai, China). Lipase (Lot No. SLBL2143V, 41.62 ± 5.62 U/mg determined using triacetin), α-amylase (Lot No. BCCB0496, 30.80 ± 6.32 U/mg), pancreatin (Lot No. SLBV6830, activities of Lipase, amylase, protease in pancreatin were 59.844 ± 10.18, 116.10 ± 12.73, and 135.93 ± 2.11 U/mg, respectively), pepsin (Lot No. BCBR2017V, 301.40 ± 23.98 U/mg), 3-methyl-1-phenyl-2-pyrazolin-5-one (PMP), glucose (Glc), galactose (Gal), galacturonic acid (GalA), glucuronic acid (GlcA), and rhamnose (Rha) were provided by Sigma Chemical Co. (St. Louis, MO, USA). Coomassie brilliant blue G-250, fructooligosaccharide (FOS), trypsin (Lot No. M54318066, 357.35 ± 5.53 U/mL), xylose (Xyl), and amyloglucosidase from Aspergillus niger (Lot No. C10778757, > 100,000 U/mL) were purchased from Macklin Biochemical Co., Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Other commercially obtained chemicals, such as NaCl, NaHCO3 and NaOH, were of analytical grade.
4
Thermal and Enzymatic Stability of Antimicrobials
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To assess the thermal stability of the potential antimicrobial compounds, four aliquots of each filtered solvent were heat -treated at 40, 60, 80, and 100 °C for 30 min. Lipase and proteolytic enzyme sensitivity were tested by the addition of Lipase (Sigma Aldrich, St. Louis, MO, USA, CAS no.:9001-62-1), proteinase K (Sigma Aldrich, CAS no.: 39450-01-6), or trypsin (Sigma Aldrich, CAS no.: 9002-07-7) to the extracts, all in a concentration of 1 mg/mL and incubated for 30 min at 50 °C (enzyme activation temperature). The treated extracts were then reassessed for their antimicrobial effect in an agar well diffusion assay similar to the setup described above against two strains of L. monocytogenes and S. Typhimurium, respectively, representing Gram-positive and Gram-negative pathogenic bacteria.
5
Enzymatic Treatment of Table Olives
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The protocol developed by Böckelmann et al. (2003) was slight adapted to the specific characteristics of table olives. Three different types of enzymes (lipase, βgalactosidase and α-glucosidase) were purchased (Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis, USA) and mixed in the laboratory to obtain an enzymatic cocktail with the following concentrations: lipase (0.74 mg•ml -1 ), β-galactosidase (0.64 mg•l -1 ), and α-glucosidase (1.05 µL•ml -1 ). αglucosidase and β-galactosidase were chosen for the cleavage of the α-D-glucoside residues and β-galactosidic bonds of exopolysaccharides, respectively, while lipase was added to the enzyme mixture as lipids represent a considerable part of this component from biofilms (Böckelmann et al. 2003) . It was used at full (standard), half (1/2), double (×2) and four (x4) times concentrations taking as references previous works carried out in table olives (Arroyo-López et al. 2012a; Domínguez-Manzano et al. 2012 ). The fruits were incubated at 30 ºC for 1 h in 50 ml of PBS buffer containing the different enzyme preparations. The resultant suspension was centrifuged at 9,000 ×g for 10 min at 4 ºC, the pellet was resuspended in 2 ml of PBS buffer and finally spread.
6
Porcine Pancreatic Lipase Inhibition Assay
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Lipase activity was determined by measuring the release of p-nitrophenol from p-nitrophenyl palmitate (4-NPP) via a spectrophotometric method at 405 nm. Lipase (10 mg/mL) from porcine pancreas type II (Sigma, St. Louis, MO, USA) was dissolved in reaction buffer 50 mM Tris–HCl pH 8.0, and then centrifuged at 5000 g for 5 min to remove the insoluble components. 4-NPP was dissolved in 1:9 v/v isopropanol:reaction buffer (50 mM Tris–HCl pH 8,0 containing 0.1% Arabic gum and 0.4% de triton x-100). The final reaction mixture was 1:2:1 v/v AERM:pancreatic Lipase solution:4-NPP (10 mM) and was added into wells of a 96-well microplate and incubated at 37 °C for 20 min, after which the amount of 4-nitrophenol released was measured. Orlistat was used as a positive control. Each experiment was performed in triplicate. Lipase inhibition was expressed as percentage and the IC50 was calculated by using GraphPad Prism Software (version 5.01).
7
Comprehensive Analysis of Bioactive Compounds
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Jasmonic acid, yeast extract, ferrozine (3-(2-pyridyl)-5,6-bis-(4-phenyl-sulfonic acid)-1,2,4-triazine), 2,20-azino-bis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulphonic acid) (ABTS), α-amylase, pancreatin, pepsin, lipase, α-glucosidase, bile extract, lipoxygenase, linoleic acid, angiotensin converting enzyme, o-phthalaldehyde, p-nitrophenyl acetate, dimethyl sulfoxide, 3,5-dinitrosalicylic acid, p-nitrophenol, protocatechuic acid, syringic acid, vanillic acid, sinapic acid, salicylic acid, caffeic acid, and hydroxybenzoic acid, cyclohexamide, resazurin were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Poznan, Poland). The COX Activity Assay kit was purchased from Cayman Chemical company (Ann Arbor, MI, USA). Penicillin and streptomycin were purchased from Life Technologies, Warsaw, Poland. Mueller–Hinton broth, and Mueller–Hinton agar were also obtained (Biomaxima, Lublin, Poland). All other chemicals were of analytical grade.
8
Multifunctional Nanoparticle Synthesis
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2-Hydroxy-4′-(2-hydroxyethoxy)-2-methylpropiophenone (I2959), heparin, FITC-labeled poly-L-lysine (PLL-FITC, Mw 30-70 kDa), polyvinylpyrrolidone (PVP, Mw ~40 kDa), rhodamine B, 1-ethyl-3-(3-dimethylaminopropyl)carbodiimide (EDC), N-hydroxysulfosuccinimide (NHSS), and cystamine dihydrochloride, heparin, 1,4-dithiothreitol (DTT), lipase, and rapamycin were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich. PBS was purchased from Sango Biotech (Shanghai, China). Poly(D,L-lactide-co-glycolide) (PLGA, LA : GA = 75 : 25, Mn ~65 kDa) and PLGA diacrylate (PLGA-DA, LA : GA = 75 : 25, Mn ~65 kDa) were purchased from Jinan Daigang Biomaterial Co., Ltd. (Jinan, China). Annexin V-FITC/PI kit was purchased from Thermo Fisher Scientific Inc. Recombinant human VEGF165 was purchased from PeproTech (Rocky Hill, USA). The deionized (DI) water (>18 MΩ cm) used in all experiments was provided by a Millipore Milli-Q water purification system. All materials were used as received without further purification.
9
In Vitro Digestion and Antioxidant Assays
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Sodium chloride (NaCl, 99%), potassium chloride (KCl, >99%), sodium hydrogen carbonate (NaHCO3, >99%), calcium chloride (CaCl2, >98%), hydrochloric acid (HCl, 37%), ammonium chloride (NH4Cl), sodium dihydrogen phosphate monohydrate (NaH2PO4·H2O, >99%), potassium dihydrogen phosphate (KH2PO4), magnesium chloride (MgCl2, >99%), urea (≥99%), potassium persulfate (K2S2O8, >99%), potassium ferricyanide, and trichloroacetic acid (TCA) were obtained from Shanghai Macklin Biochemical Co. Ltd. (Shanghai, China). Folin–Ciocalteu reagent, pepsin (from porcine gastric mucosa), mucin (from the porcine stomach), pancreatin (from the porcine pancreas), lipase (from the porcine pancreas), bile extract porcine, 2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH, 95%), and 2,2′-azinobis (3-ethylbenzthiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) (ABTS, >98%) were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich.
10
Enzymatic Extraction of Protein-Enriched Compounds
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Jelly fig (Ficus awkeotsang Makino) and, pea (Pisum sativum L.) for PE extraction, were purchased from a local market in Taipei, Taiwan. Soy protein was from Gemfont (Taipei). Methylene blue and sodium chloride were from Riedel-de Haën (Seelze, Germany). Acetone, methanol, hydrochloride solution and fluorescein isothiocyanate (FITC)-casein were from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany). Trypsin solution was from ThermoFisher Scientific (Waltham, MA, USA). Pancreatic α-amylase was from Megazyme (Bray, Ireland). Methyl red was from Ferak (Berlin, Germany). Polyvinylpolypyrrolidone (PVPP), ninhydrin, pectin, lipase, tannase, tannic acid, Folin–Ciocalteu reagent, sodium carbonate, dinitrosalicylic acid, bovine serum albumin (BSA) were from Sigma Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). The DIAION® HP-20 macroporous resin was from Mitsubishi Chemical (Tokyo, Japan). All chemicals were of reagent grade.
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