2 7 dichlorfluorescein diacetate dcfh da

Persimmon tannin freeze-dried powder used in this experiment was obtained from Guangxi Huikun Co., Ltd (Guangxi, China). The persimmon tannin was extracted from green Gongcheng persimmons (Guangxi, China), then dried by the freeze-drying technique (JDG-0.2, Lanzhou Kejin Vacuum Freeze Drying Technology Co., Ltd (Lanzhou, China) to obtain the persimmon tannin freeze-dried powder. Aloe vera gel freeze-dried powder (200:1) was purchased by Guangdong Yuanlv Biological Engineering Co., Ltd (Guangdong, China). Human immortalized epithelial cells (HaCaT) were purchased from the cell bank of Peking Union Medical College Hospital (Beijing, China). Low endotoxin foetal bovine serum was provided by Zhejiang Tianhang Biotechnology Co., Ltd (Zhejiang, China), DMEM high glucose medium and trypsin were provided by Thermo Fisher Scientific (Waltham, MA, USA), 2′,7′-dichlorfluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) was provided by Sigma-Aldrich Co., Ltd. (St. Louis, MO, USA). Other chemical reagents were all biochemical grade.
Experimental instruments included a TU-1901 UV-visible spectrophotometer provided by Beijing Persee General Instrument Co., Ltd. (Beijing, China), a flow cytometer provided by Beckman Coulter, Inc. (Brea, CA, USA).

p-Arsanilic acid, 70% ammonium thioglycolate solution, and 1,3-propanedithiol, L-buthionine-(S,R)-sulfoximine (BSO) and β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide (NADH) were purchased from Aladdin (Shanghai, China). RPMI 1640 Medium, Dulbecco’s modified Eagle Medium (DMEM) and fetal bovine serum (FBS) were obtained from GIBCO (Grand Island, NY, USA). (±)-α-lipoic acid (LA), Hoechst 33342, propidium iodide (PI) and 2′,7′-dichlorfluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MI, USA). 3-(4, 5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) was obtained from Amresco (Solon, OH, USA). MK571 was obtained from Selleck (Shanghai, China). Mitochondria Staining Kit (JC-1) and Annexin V-FITC/PI apoptosis kit were purchased from MultiSciences (Hangzhou, China). Tetramethylrhodamine (TMRM) was obtained from HEOWNS (Tianjin, China). Human Cyt C ELISA Kit and Human PDH E2 ELISA Kit were obtained from Elbio (Shanghai, China). RIPA buffer, BCA Protein Assay Kit, ATP Assay Kit, and dihydroethidium (DHE) were purchased from Beyotime (Shanghai, China). Human PDHC Assay Kit was purchased from Letter Sail (Nanjing, China). A 10-mM solution of PDT-PAO-F16 was prepared in DMSO and stored at 4 °C. Other common chemicals were of analytical reagent grade from Shenshi (Wuhan, China) and used without further purification.

p-Arsanilic acid, salicylaldehyde, vanillin, indole-3-mathanal, 9-anthraldehyde and aniline came from Shanghai Chemical Reagent Co. LTD in China. p-Arsanilic was purified via recrystallization in distilled water and salicylaldehyde was purified by reduced pressure distillation before use. RPMI 1640 Medium, Dulbecco’s modified Eagle Medium (DMEM) and Fetal bovine serum were purchased from GIBCO (Grand Island, USA). Rh123, Dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), N-acetyl-L-cysteine (NAC), reduced glutathione (GSH), DL-Dithiothreitol (DTT), L-Ascorbic acid (VC), (±)-α-Lipoic acid (LA) and 2′,7′-dichlorfluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA) were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, USA). 3-(4,5-dimethylthiazol-2-yl)-2,5-diphenyltetrazolium bromide (MTT) was obtained from Amresco (Solon, USA). NaAsO₂ was purchased from Amresco (Solon, USA) and As₂O₃ was borrowed from Chemistry Experiment Teaching Center of Wuhan University. Mitochondria Staining Kit (JC-1) and Annexin V-FITC/PI apoptosis kit were purchased from MultiSciences (Hangzhou, China). Human Cyt C ELISA Kit was obtained from Elbio (Shanghai, China). Red Blood Cell Lysis Buffer, GSH and GSSG Assay Kit and the Activity of Caspase-3 Assay Kit were purchased from Beyotime (Shanghai, China). Other common chemicals were of analytical reagent grade from Wuhan Shenshi Chemical Reagent Co. LTD in China and used without further purification.