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13 protocols using cd 1 nude female mice

1

In vivo Tumorigenicity Assay in Nude Mice

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Experiments were approved by the Ethics Committee for Animal Experimentation of the Fondazione IRCCS, Istituto Nazionale dei Tumori (Milan, Italy) according to EU Directive 2010/63/EU. In vivo experiments were carried out using CD1‐Nude female mice, 5–10 weeks old (Charles River Laboratories). Mice were maintained in laminar flow rooms, at constant temperature and humidity. Mice had free access to food and water. For subcutaneous tumorigenic assay viable tumor cells (1 × 105 for LT73 or 5 × 102 for H460 cells), alone or with fibroblasts (1:3 ratio), were s.c. injected into the flank of nude mice with Matrigel (BD Biosciences) in a final volume of 200 μl. At the end of the observation period or when the tumors volume reached at least 300 mm3, lungs were removed and dissociated for further analysis. In limiting dilution experiments, cancer cells were subcutaneously injected at different doses in SCID mice that were observed for up to 2 months. The frequency of Cancer Initiating Cells was calculated based on tumor take rate using ELDA software (Hu and Smyth, 2009) accessed at http://bioinf.wehi.edu.au/software/elda/.
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2

Xenograft Tumor Imaging with IRDye-labeled Antibodies

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CD-1 nude female mice (Charles River Laboratories, Hartford, CT), aged 4–6 weeks, were obtained and housed in accordance with the University Animal Care Committee (UACC) guidelines (protocol # 20150048). All experiments and euthanasia were performed in accordance with UACC guidelines. For xenograft preparation, 10 × 106 cells A-431, DLD-1 or MDA-MB-435 were collected and washed with growth media without FBS. Cells were suspended in 50 µL of growth media without FBS plus 50 µL of matrigel membrane matrix (Corning, Corning NY) and cells suspended in 100 µL was injected subcutaneously into the right hind flank of the mouse. Tumor size was monitored weekly until they reached 150–300 mm3. The mice were then intravenously injected through the tail vein with 0.5 nmoles (75 µg) of IRDye-800CW-nimotuzumab, IRDye-800CW-cetuximab, IRDye800CW-control IgG or 1 nmole of quenched IRDye800CW free dye.
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3

Subcutaneous Xenograft Mouse Model for ATF-SAP

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Studies on animal models were approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee, IACUC, approval number 901/2017-PR) and performed according to the prescribed guidelines and regulations. Subcutaneous xenograft mouse model: 7-week-old CD1 nude female mice (Charles River, Calco, Italy) were injected in the left flank with 1 × 106 RT112 living cells; 10 days later, mice were treated with ATF-SAP in PBS solution (200 μl) administered intravenously (i.v.). The treatment was repeated every 5 days for 3 times. Subcutaneous tumor growth was monitored every two days by measuring tumor volumes with caliper as described previously. Tumor volumes are shown as mean ± SD (6 animals/group) and calculated as follows: r1 × r2 × r3 × 4/3 π, where r1 and r2 are the longitudinal and lateral radii, and r3 is the thickness of tumors protruding from the surface of normal skin. Mice weight was recorded every 2 days and their health/behaviors monitored daily. Animals were euthanized when tumors reached 10 mm in diameter, became ulcerated or a 20% weight loss was detected.
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4

Tumor Growth Assay in Nude Mice

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Tumorigenic assays were carried out using CD1-nude female mice (Charles River Laboratories) 5-10 weeks old, which were maintained and manipulated using protocols approved by the Ethics Committee of the Fondazione IRCCS INT according to EU Directive 2010/63/EU. H460 or H460R cells (1×103) suspended in 0.1 mL Matrigel (BD Biosciences) were subcutaneously injected into both flanks alone or with CCD-19Lu fibroblasts (3×103) that exhibited either a normal or a senescent phenotype (n = 8/cell condition). Senescence was induced by co-culture with H460 cells as described above. Tumor growth was monitored for 40 days by assessing tumor volume as 0.5×width2×length [35 (link)]. At the end of the observation period or when tumors reached at least 300 mm3, lungs were removed and dissociated for further analysis.
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5

Subcutaneous Xenograft Tumor Model

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Animal experiments were performed in accordance with the University of Ottawa Animal Care Committee (CMM-181) policy. 107 exponentially growing cells suspended in 200 µL PBS were injected subcutaneously into the flanks of 6–8 week old CD-1 nude female mice (Charles River). Each mouse was injected with a control (left flank) and experimental (right flank) cell line. Tumor growth was recorded blind to the cell lines injected with calibers and animals were killed when the end point was reached or 5 weeks post-injection. Post-mortem, tumors were harvested, measured, fixed in 10% formalin, paraffin-embedded, sliced and stained.
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6

Xenograft Tumor Growth Assay

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In vivo tumorigenic assays were carried out as reported [17 (link)], using protocols approved by the Ethics Committee of the Fondazione IRCCS INT according to EU Directive 2010/63/EU. Scramble control or shMMP1 H460 cells (1×103) were diluted 1:1 with 0.1 mL of Cultrex Basement Membrane (Trevigen) and subcutaneously injected into both flanks of CD1-nude female mice (Charles River Laboratories) 8 weeks old (n=5/cell condition). Tumor growth was monitored for ~25 days by assessing tumor volume [17 (link)]. At the end of the observation period or when tumors reached 300 mm3, mice were euthanized, tumor xenografts were paraffin-embedded for Sentragor staining, and lungs were removed and dissociated to assess tumor dissemination by flow cytometry [17 (link)].
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7

Xenograft Model of Endometrial Cancer

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Four- to 6-week-old CD-1 nude female mice were purchased from Charles River Laboratories. All mice were ovariectomized 2 days prior to xenografting. One million Ishikawa cells with or without two million stromal cells were suspended in ice-cold 1:2 PBS/Matrigel (BD Biosciences) in a total volume of 100 μl and subcutaneously injected in the right and left dorsum of each mouse. Each stromal cell group was composed of a mixture of cells isolated from two different patients. A total of 32 mice were injected in order to have eight mice per group. Four days prior to xenografting, all the mice were implanted subcutaneously with an estrogen pellet (0.1 mg, 60-day release for 1.6 ug/day; Innovative Research of America). Half of the mice additionally had progesterone pellets (150 mg, 60-day release for 2.5 mg/day; Innovative Research of America) implanted subcutaneously. Mice were weighed regularly and tumor sizes were measured. Tumor sizes were measured with calipers through the course of the experiment. Tumor volumes were calculated using the formula: tumor volume=½(length × width)2 [19 (link)]. After 32 days, tumors were excised and fixed for immunohistochemistry or flash frozen for RNA extraction.
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8

Xenograft Mouse Tumor Model Protocol

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All procedures involving the mice were performed in accordance with the United Kingdom Animals (Scientific Procedures) Act 1986, the UK Home Office and ARRIVE guidelines under project license authority PPL40/3559 using archived tissue. Ethical approval was granted by the University of Nottingham Animal Welfare and Ethical Review Board. CD-1 nude female mice at 6 to 8 weeks of age were obtained from Charles River, UK and Rag2−/− female mice. The animals were provided food and water ad libitum. MDA-MB-231 cells, with viability of > 90%, which had been maintained in vitro in RPMI culture medium (Sigma, UK) containing 10% (v/v) heat inactivated foetal bovine serum (Sigma, Poole, UK) & 2 mM L-glutamine (Sigma, UK) at 37°C in 5% CO2, were be re-suspended, for in vivo administration, in sterile growth factor reduced matrigel at 2 × 106 cells/100 ul (1 to 2 × 107 cells per ml) and 100 ul of cell suspension was injected into the mammary fatpad for tumour initiation. For primary cell culture calcium experimentation C57Bl6 male mice were used.
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9

Animal Welfare-Approved Mouse Model

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C57BL/6 female mice and CD-1 nude female mice were purchased from Charles River (Beijing, China) at the age of 6–8 weeks and housed in specific-pathogen-free facilities. All experiments were conducted in accordance with procedures approved by the Institutional Animal Care and Use Committee (IACUC).
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10

Colorectal Tumor Xenograft Mouse Model

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CD-1 female nude mice (obtained from Charles River, 7–9 weeks old) received unilateral subcutaneous injections of 100 µl of HCT116 cells (2 × 106 cells) or 100 µl of DLD-1 cells (4 × 106 cells) suspended in PBS. Mice were placed on experimental diets (control or -SG) 10 days (for HCT116 xenograft experiment) or 2 days (for DLD-1 xenograft experiment) after tumour injections. In all, 4 days (for HCT116 xenograft experiment) or 2 days (for DLD-1 xenograft experiment) after the diet change, mice were treated either with vehicle (0.5% methylcellulose (Sigma, H7509), 0.5% Tween-80 (Sigma, P8192)) or PH755 (obtained from Raze Therapeutics) prepared in vehicle once daily by oral gavage. The starting dosage of PH755 was 100 mg/kg and was subsequently lowered to 75 mg/kg or 50 mg/kg as indicated in the figure legends. Subcutaneous growth was measured two to three times a week by caliper and the following formula: length × width2/2 was used to calculate tumour volume.
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