Radioimmunoassay

Manufactured by Linco Research

Sourced in United States, Sao Tome and Principe, Germany

Radioimmunoassay is a sensitive analytical technique used to measure the concentration of specific substances, such as hormones, proteins, or drugs, in a sample. It employs the use of radioactive isotopes and antigen-antibody interactions to quantify the target analyte.

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Lab products found in correlation

Access assay, by Beckman Coulter (4 mentions) Glucose oxidase method, by Yellow Springs Instruments (3 mentions) Plasma glucose, by Thermo Fisher Scientific (2 mentions) Ysi analyser, by Beckman Coulter (2 mentions) Access ultrasensitive immunoenzymatic assay system, by Beckman Coulter (2 mentions) Lunar idxa dual energy x ray absorptiometer, by GE Healthcare (2 mentions) Radioimmunoassay, by Merck Group (2 mentions) Nefa c test kit, by Fujifilm (2 mentions) Biosen c line plus glucose analyzer, by EKF Diagnostics (2 mentions) Atellica system, by Siemens (2 mentions) 7600 analyzer, by Hitachi (1 mentions) Nefa c kit, by Fujifilm (1 mentions) Triglycerides reagent, by Horiba (1 mentions) β hydroxybutyrate, by Randox (1 mentions) Sandwich immunoassay, by Roche (1 mentions) Advia centaur, by Siemens (1 mentions) Architect c18000 analyzer, by Abbott (1 mentions) Adiponectin, by Linco Research (1 mentions) Cobas e411, by Roche (1 mentions) Ultra sensitive enzyme linked immunosorbent assay, by R&D Systems (1 mentions)

Spelling variants of this product

Radioimmunoassay kit (32 citations) Rat-specific insulin radioimmunoassay (4 citations) Rat insulin radioimmunoassay kit (4 citations) Specific radioimmunoassay (4 citations) Insulin radioimmunoassay kit (3 citations) Standard radioimmunoassays (2 citations) Competitive radioimmunoassay (2 citations) Linco Human Insulin Specific Radioimmunoassay kit (2 citations) Double-antibody radioimmunoassay (2 citations) Human insulin-specific radioimmunoassay (2 citations)

66 protocols using radioimmunoassay

Comprehensive Metabolic Profiling of Insulinoma

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All subjects were evaluated after an overnight fast of at least ten hours. Anthropometric assessments included height, weight measurements. BMI was calculated as the weight in kilograms divided by the square of the height in meters. Fasting plasma glucose (FPG) was measured by the hexokinase method. Hemoglobin A1c (HbA1c) was measured by high performance liquid chromatography with an HLC-73G7 automated glycohemoglobin analyzer (Tosoh, Tokyo, Japan). The other biochemical indexes were measured on a Hitachi 7600 analyzer (Hitachi, Tokyo, Japan). Serum insulin was assayed using radioimmunoassay (Linco Research, St Charles, MO, USA). Serum C-peptide was assayed using radioimmunoassay (Linco Research, St Charles, MO, USA). Serum FGF21 was measured using an ELISA kit established in another laboratory14 (link) (Antibody and Immunoassay Services, the University of Hong Kong, Hong Kong). In addition to determining the FGF21, proinsulin, insulin, C-peptide, and plasma glucose levels, we performed a routine blood examination and liver and renal function tests to evaluate the safety of surgery in patients with insulinoma within one week after surgery. All laboratory measurements met the Shanghai Center for Clinical Laboratory criteria.

Li X., Yu H., Yin J., Li L., Zhou J., Li M., Li Q., Chen H., Liu F., Bao Y., Han J, & Jia W. (2017). Decreased levels of Fibroblast Growth Factor 21 are correlated with improved hypoglycemia in patients with insulinoma. Scientific Reports, 7, 43123.

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Biochemical Analysis of Fasted Rat Plasma

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Biochemical parameters were assessed in plasma drawn from overnight fasted rats. Plasma insulin and C-peptide levels were determined by radioimmunoassays (Linco Research) and their molar ratio at steady state was calculated as a marker of insulin clearance. Plasma triglyceride (TG) levels were assayed by Triglycerides reagent (Pointe Scientific) and plasma free fatty acids (FFA) by NEFA C kit (Wako). Hepatic TG content was assayed in tissues separated by chloroform–methanol, as previously described (12 (link)).

Heinrich G., Muturi H.T., Rezaei K., Al-Share Q.Y., DeAngelis A.M., Bowman T.A., Ghadieh H.E., Ghanem S.S., Zhang D., Garofalo R.S., Yin L, & Najjar S.M. (2017). Reduced Hepatic Carcinoembryonic Antigen-Related Cell Adhesion Molecule 1 Level in Obesity. Frontiers in Endocrinology, 8, 54.

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Intravenous Glucose Tolerance Test

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FSIGTTs were performed and data analyzed as previously described by our group [20 (link)]. Briefly, a 50% glucose bolus (0.3 g/kg) was administered intravenously at baseline and an insulin bolus (0.03U/kg) injected 20 minutes post-glucose. Three baseline samples were collected (−10, −5, −1 min) as well as 21 samples after glucose (2, 3, 4, 5, 6, 8, 10, 12, 14, 16, 18, 20, 22, 25, 30, 40, 50, 70, 100, 140, and 180 min). Blood collected in EDTA tubes was placed on ice, centrifuged, and the plasma aliquots were stored at −80°C prior to insulin (radio-immunoassays, Linco Research, St Charles, MO) and glucose (Hitachi 912 automated chemistry system, Wako Diagnostics, Richmond VA) assays.

Ferguson J.F., Shah R.Y., Shah R., Mehta N.N., Rickels M.R, & Reilly M.P. (2014). Activation of innate immunity modulates insulin sensitivity, glucose effectiveness and pancreatic β-cell function in both African ancestry and European ancestry healthy humans. Metabolism: clinical and experimental, 64(4), 513-520.

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Metabolic Biomarkers in Fasting Blood

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Assays were performed on fasting (≥10 h) blood samples obtained at pre, mid-study (mid) and at post. Mid-study blood samples were collected after completion of the first intervention cycle (~30 days) in study year 1, and after completion of the second intervention cycle (~60 days) in study years 2 and 3. Serum aliquots were stored at -80 °C until analysis. Assays were run in duplicate and samples from one participant were analyzed within one batch. Leptin and ghrelin were assayed with radioimmunoassays from Linco Research (St Charles, MO, USA) with a sensitivity of 0.5 ng/ml (leptin) and 100 pg/ml (ghrelin), and intra-assay and inter-assay coefficients of variation of <8.3 and <6.2% (leptin) and <2.7 and <16.7% (ghrelin). Radioimmunoassay for total T3 (Diagnostics Products, Los Angeles, CA, USA) and IGF-1 (Nichols Institute Diagnostics, San Juan Capistrano, CA, USA) had sensitivities of 7 ng/dl (T3) and 0.06 ng/ml (IGF-1), and intra-assay and inter-assay coefficients of variation of <8.9 and <10% (T3) and <3 and <8.4% (IGF-1).

Koehler K., De Souza M.J, & Williams N.I. (2017). Less-than-expected weight loss in normal-weight women undergoing caloric restriction and exercise is accompanied by preservation of fat-free mass and metabolic adaptations. European journal of clinical nutrition, 71(3).

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Plasma Biomarker Measurement Protocol

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Plasma total adiponectin levels were measured using a radioimmunoassay from Linco Research (St. Charles, MO) and plasma leptin with an ELISA from Chrystal Chem. Inc. (Downers Grove, IL). Plasma cholesterol levels were measured with a kit from Roche Diagnostics (Mannheim, Germany), alanine aminotransferase (ALT) with a kit from ABX Diagnostics (Montpellier, France), β-hydroxybutyrate with a kit from Randox Laboratories (Antrim, UK) and non-esterified fatty acids (NEFAs) with a kit from WAKO Chemicals (Neuss, Germany).

Lelliott C.J., Ahnmark A., Admyre T., Ahlstedt I., Irving L., Keyes F., Patterson L., Mumphrey M.B., Bjursell M., Gorman T., Bohlooly-Y M., Buchanan A., Harrison P., Vaughan T., Berthoud H.R, & Lindén D. (2014). Monoclonal Antibody Targeting of Fibroblast Growth Factor Receptor 1c Ameliorates Obesity and Glucose Intolerance via Central Mechanisms. PLoS ONE, 9(11), e112109.

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Insulin Resistance Categorization Protocol

Cited 2 times

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Baseline blood draws (Year 0) were excluded if they were drawn after less than 12 h of fasting. Glucose was analyzed using the hexokinase method. Fasting insulin was analyzed by the following methods and detection systems: BMD ES3000 Immunoassay System, Roche 2010 Electrochemiluminescence, Radioimmunoassay (linco Research, St. Louis, MO), and Sandwich Immunoassay (Roche Diagnostics). The analytes were similarly distributed across the various testing methods; much of the differences could be attributed to the demographics selected for the ancillary studies (Figure S1). Insulin resistance was calculated using the HOMA2 version 2.2.3, which is an updated HOMA computer model with nonlinear solutions that account for both circulating proinsulin and variations in hepatic and peripheral glucose resistance; acceptable steady-state input values were 20 to 400 pmol/L for insulin and 3.0 to 25.0 mmol/L for glucose [17 (link)]. Degree of insulin resistance was categorized as defined by previous studies: Low (HOMA-IR < 1.4), Moderate (1.4 ≤ HOMA-IR < 2.0), and High (HOMA-IR ≥ 2.0) [18 (link)–20 (link)].

Chan A.A., Li H., Li W., Pan K., Yee J.K., Chlebowski R.T, & Lee D.J. (2021). Association between baseline insulin resistance and psoriasis incidence: the Women’s Health Initiative. Archives of Dermatological Research, 314(9), 869-880.

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Plasma Metabolite Quantification

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Plasma glucose (Thermo Scientific, Waltham MA, USA) and fatty acid (Wako Chemicals USA, Richmond, VA, USA) concentrations were measured using a commercially available colorimetric assay kits. Plasma insulin concentration was measured by radioimmunoassay (Linco Research Inc., St Louis, MO, USA).

Van Pelt D.W., Newsom S.A., Schenk S, & Horowitz J.F. (2014). Relatively low endogenous fatty acid mobilization and uptake helps preserve insulin sensitivity in obese women. International journal of obesity (2005), 39(1), 149-155.

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Plasma Metabolite Quantification

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Tracking Metabolic Markers in Clinical Trials

Cited 2 times

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Blood samples were immediately placed on ice, centrifuged at 4°C, separated, and stored at −80°C. For blood drawn during the OGTT, plasma glucose was analysed using a YSI analyser (Yellow Springs, Ohio), plasma insulin was measured by chemiluminescence using the Access Ultrasensitive Immunoenzymatic assay system (Beckman Coulter, Chaska, Minnesota),^{29 (link)} C-peptide concentrations were measured using a radioimmunoassay (Linco Research, St Charles, Missouri),^{29 (link)} and plasma [6,6-²H₂] glucose enrichment was measured using gas chromatographic mass spectrometry.²⁸For blood drawn during the triple-tracer cortisol test, plasma cortisol, cortisone, ²H cortisol, ¹³C cortisone, ¹³C cortisol and ³H cortisol radioactivity were measured using methods previously described.^{9 ,30 (link)}Body composition (ie, total body fat and abdominal fat measurement), were measured using the Lunar iDXA dual-energy X-ray absorptiometer, software version 6.10 (GE Healthcare, Madison, Wisconsin). LFF was quantified and liver fibrosis staged with MRE.^{21 (link)–24 (link),31 (link)–36 (link)}

Yadav Y., Dunagan K., Khot R., Venkatesh S.K., Port J., Galderisi A., Cobelli C., Wegner C., Basu A., Carter R, & Basu R. (2022). Inhibition of 11β‐Hydroxysteroid dehydrogenase‐1 with AZD4017 in patients with nonalcoholic steatohepatitis or nonalcoholic fatty liver disease: A randomized, double‐blind, placebo‐controlled, phase II study. Diabetes, Obesity & Metabolism, 24(5), 881-890.

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Comprehensive Metabolic Profiling Protocol

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Blood samples were immediately placed on ice, centrifuged at 4°C, separated, and stored at −80°C. For blood drawn during the OGTT, plasma glucose was analysed using a YSI analyser (Yellow Springs, Ohio), plasma insulin was measured by chemiluminescence using the Access Ultrasensitive Immunoenzymatic assay system (Beckman Coulter, Chaska, Minnesota),²⁹ C‐peptide concentrations were measured using a radioimmunoassay (Linco Research, St Charles, Missouri),²⁹ and plasma [6,6‐²H₂] glucose enrichment was measured using gas chromatographic mass spectrometry.²⁸For blood drawn during the triple‐tracer cortisol test, plasma cortisol, cortisone, ²H cortisol, ¹³C cortisone, ¹³C cortisol and ³H cortisol radioactivity were measured using methods previously described.⁹, ³⁰Body composition (ie, total body fat and abdominal fat measurement), were measured using the Lunar iDXA dual‐energy X‐ray absorptiometer, software version 6.10 (GE Healthcare, Madison, Wisconsin). LFF was quantified and liver fibrosis staged with MRE.²¹, ²², ²³, ²⁴, ³¹, ³², ³³, ³⁴, ³⁵, ³⁶

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