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6 protocols using tcs sp5 multiphoton laser scanning confocal microscope

1

Immunofluorescence Imaging of Adherent and 3D Cells

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Cells were fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde (PFA)/phosphate-buffered saline (PBS), permeabilized with 0.2% Triton X-100 (TX100), washed, and incubated with the indicated primary antibody overnight at 4°C. Cells were incubated with Alexa Fluor–labeled secondary antibody (Alexa 488, 546, or 647) and phalloidin (Molecular Probes, Grand Island, NY). Coverslips were mounted onto glass slides with Fluoromount-G (Southern Biotech, Birmingham, AL).
For 3D immunofluorescence, cells were resuspended in GFR-Matrigel (BD Biosciences, San Jose, CA) for 45 min at 37°C before addition of complete medium. Cells were fixed using 4% PFA, permeabilized using 0.2% TX100, and incubated with primary antibodies overnight at 4°C with fluorescence-labeled secondary antibodies and phalloidin for 3 h at 37°C. A TCS SP5 multiphoton laser-scanning confocal microscope (Leica Microsystems, Buffalo Grove, IL) with a Leica HC PL APO 40X/1.25-0.75 oil CS objective lens generated Z-stack images (0.5-μm optical sections), and the Leica AFM acquisition/analytical software suite was used to construct 3D projections.
For 3D spheroid invasion, samples were fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde, permeabilized with 0.2% TX100, and incubated with phalloidin 3h at 37°C. Confocal microscopy was with a Leica 20× HCX PL APO CS Dry UV 0.70NA objective lens to generate Z-stack images (2.5 μm optical sections).
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2

Immunofluorescence Imaging of Cells in 2D and 3D

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Cells imaged in 2D were fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde in PBS (PFA/PBS), permeabilized with 0.2% Triton X-100 and incubated with primary antibody overnight at 4°C. Cells were incubated with secondary antibody (Alexa 488, 546, or 647) and phalloidin (Molecular Probes) for 3h at 37°C. Coverslips were mounted with fluoromount-G (Southern Biotech).
For 3D IF, cells were mixed with 2mg/ml Type-I collagen (BD Biosciences), gelled for 1h at 37°C and incubated 24h. Cells were fixed, permeabilized and incubated with antibodies as above. Gels were covered with fluoromount-G.
Images were acquired using a TCS SP5 multiphoton laser scanning confocal microscope (Leica Microsystems) with 458, 488, 514, 561 and 633nm laser lines in a sequential manner. Z-stack images were acquired using 0.5µm optical sections, creating 3D reconstructions for image analysis using MetaMorph software.
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3

Visualization of FLAG-tagged mIR Expression in HEK-Cre+ Cells

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HEK-Cre+ cells and the 3×FLAG-mIR cell line were grown out in 24 well plates on glass slides. The HEK-Cre+ cells were transfected with the pPNTlox2 or the pPNTlox2-3×FLAG-mIR plasmid and stained 48 h post transfection. All samples were incubated with the plasma membrane dye, Cell Navigator Cell Plasma Membrane Staining Kit (AAT Bioquest). Following plasma membrane staining, cells were fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde, blocked with 2% BSA, and stained with DYKDDDDK FLAG-tagged specific polyclonal Alexa Fluor® 647 conjugated antibody (Cell Signaling Technology). Cells were mounted to glass microscope slides via DAPI Fluoromount-G® (SouthernBiotech) and dried. Image analysis was carried out utilizing a Leica TCS SP5 multiphoton laser scanning confocal microscope (Leica Microsystems) using a 63 × 1.4 NA lens.
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4

Visualizing FLAG-Tagged Protein Expression in Cells

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HEK-Cre+ cells and the 3×FLAG-mIR cell line were grown out in 24 well plates on glass slides. The HEK-Cre+ cells were transfected with the pPNTlox2 or the pPNTlox2-3×FLAG-mIR plasmid and stained 48 h post transfection. All samples were incubated with the plasma membrane dye, Cell Navigator™ Cell Plasma Membrane Staining Kit (AAT Bioquest). Following plasma membrane staining, cells were fixed with 4% paraformaldehyde, blocked with 2% BSA, and stained with DYKDDDDK FLAG-tagged specific polyclonal Alexa Fluor® 647 conjugated antibody (Cell Signaling Technology). Cells were mounted to glass microscope slides via DAPI Fluoromount-G® (SouthernBiotech) and dried. Image analysis was carried out utilizing a Leica TCS SP5 multiphoton laser scanning confocal microscope (Leica Microsystems) using a 63 × 1.4 NA lens.
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5

Immunofluorescence Imaging of Kidney Cells

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Cryosections of kidney specimens or cultured cells were fixed, permeabilized, and stained with antibodies against indicated molecules followed by staining with a secondary antibody conjugated with Alexa Fluor 488 or 594 or stained with rhodamine-conjugated phalloidin (Invitrogen, IL, United States) followed by counterstaining with 4,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole (DAPI, Abcam). Images were documented by using the Nikon Eclipse Ni-U microscope (Nikon, Tokyo, Japan) and the Leica TCS SP5 multiphoton laser scanning confocal microscope (Leica Microsystems Inc., Buffalo Grove, IL, United States).
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6

Quantifying Cell Spreading Dynamics

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DU145 or PC3 (control or RNase L-knockdown) were plated on fibronectin-coated coverslips for indicated times up to 100 min. Attached and spread cells were fixed with 3.7% paraformaldehyde in PBS (Boston Bioproducts, Ashland, MA, USA) for 10 min and permeabilized with 0.1% Triton-X-100 for 5 min. F-actin was labeled with Alexa 488-labeled phalloidin (Life Technologies, CA, USA) and mounted in Vectashield with DAPI (4′,6-diamidino-2-phenylindole, Vector Laboratories, Burlingame, CA, USA). Cells were imaged by the use of a Leica TCS SP5 multiphoton laser scanning confocal microscope (Leica Microsystems, Weitzler, Germany), and cell area was quantitated using NIH Image J software. Experiments were repeated in triplicate with at least 30 measurements per time point for each experiment. Data are shown as mean area at indicated time points ± SEM.
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