Aquilion one vision edition

MSCT imaging was performed using a 320-multidetector scanner (Aquilion One Vision Edition, Toshiba Medical Systems, Japan). Contrast phase was reconstructed in 0.5 mm slice thickness with 0.25 mm increment; non-contrast phase was reconstructed in 3.0 mm slice thickness with 3.0 mm increment (see online supplementary file S1).
All MSCT images were analysed using the commercially available Osirix software package. Preprocedural LAA assessment and sizing was performed by 3D multiplanar reconstruction (MPR) using the end-diastolic phase series. 3D MPR allows assessment of the LAA anatomy in three different planes (sagittal, coronal and axial) locked at 90° angles. LAA morphology was classified into windsock, chicken wing, cactus and cauliflower. The LAA ostium and landing zone for the different devices were identified and the minimal diameter, maximal diameter and perimeter of these axial LAA views were measured.
All patients included in this study also received a control MSCT scan at 3 months postprocedure for assessment of LAA closure device position, device compression, peridevice leakage and device-related thrombosis. In case of no contrast leakage into the LAA, the LAA closure was considered successful.

Multislice CT studies were performed immediately on occlusion of the LAD using a 320 detector row scanner (Aquilion ONE Vision Edition, Toshiba Medical Systems, Otawara, Japan). The animals were supine, and the scans were acquired in volume mode during a breath hold. A standardized imaging protocol was applied using the following parameters: 0.5 mm slice thickness, 275 ms tube rotation time, 80 kV tube voltage, 750 mA tube current. Arterial phase first pass imaging was performed with continuous acquisition over 30 s with ECG gating during intravenous administration of iodinated contrast (Isovue 370, Bracco Diagnostics, Princeton, NJ, USA) 2 mL/kg divided into two injections to minimize beam hardening effects: contrast 0.8 mL/kg followed by 0.8 mL/kg saline bolus at a rate of 0.8 mL/s was immediately followed by contrast 1.2 and 1.2 mL/kg saline at a rate of 1.2 mL/s. Continuous imaging with ECG gating over five heartbeats was then acquired every minute starting at 60 s after initiation of contrast administration until minute five. Images were reconstructed at 0.5 mm slice thickness using standard cardiac kernels (FC03) with iterative reconstruction (AIDR3D) at multiple cardiac phases. Images with the least amount of motion artifact were selected for analysis.

The running pattern and relationship between the suboccipital muscles and OA were retrospectively analyzed using operation videos and preoperative enhanced computed tomography (CT) images by the author and discussed with other neurosurgeons. Head CT was performed using a 320- row CT scanner Aquilion ONE VISION edition (Toshiba Medical Systems, Tochigi, Japan). All scans were analyzed in their original format with a 0.5 mm slice thickness scaled to Level 60/Window 200.
The longissimus capitis muscle (LNG) is inserted posterior to the margin of the mastoid process. It is easy to identify the insertion and follow the running course of the LNG using thin-slice CT by changing the window width and level. The other muscles that enter the mastoid process, such as the posterior belly of the digastric muscle and the splenius capitis muscle (SPL), can be distinguished by their insertion and running course [Figure 1]. The running patterns of the OA were classified into two types: lateral type, running lateral to the LNG and medial type, running medial to the LNG.

Unenhanced CT evaluation of the liver was performed with a 16‐slice multi‐detector CT (MDCT) (IDT16, PHILIPS), a 40‐slice MDCT (PHILIPS), a 64‐slice MDCT (PHILIPS), and 320‐slice MDCT (Aquilion ONE Vision Edition, TOSHIBA). Unenhanced image acquisition of the liver was performed during a single breath hold at 120 kVp. All unenhanced images were reconstructed using contiguous 5‐mm intervals.
The CT image analysis in this study consisted of liver attenuation measurement using a standard region of interest (ROI) technique. Care was taken to measure representative areas of the liver parenchyma, avoiding visible vessels, visible bile ducts, and focal lesions. For each patient, the average CT attenuation values in five sectors were monitored to evaluate hepatic fat content. In this study, we defined a CT value of <40 Hounsfield units (HU) as representing NAFLD (Figure 1A).¹²