Specific pathogen free (SPF) C57BL/6 N mice were housed at 22 ± 1 °C and 50%–60% relative humidity, with a 12 h light–dark cycle as described previously in detail [5 (link)]. The mice were fed a chow diet (autoclaved, V1534, ssniff Spezialdiäten GmbH, Soest, Germany) ad libitum. For the antibiotic treatment, sole mice were fed a chow mash containing vancomycin (0.25 g/L) and metronidazol (1 g/L) (Sigma Aldrich, Steinheim, Germany) ad libitum for two days at the age of eight weeks, without any additional food (per group: male/female, 1/1). The control group received the same diet supplemented with water. The mouse experiment was performed according to the relevant ethical guidelines. The breeding and experimental use of the mice in the facilities at the Technische Universität München (School of Life Sciences Weihenstephan) was approved by the local institution in charge (Regierung von Oberbayern; approval number 55.2-1-54-2531-99-13 and 55.2-1-54-2532-17-2015).
For dietary intervention, the C57BL/6 N mice at the age of six weeks were fed for two weeks either a standard chow diet (5% grain–soybean-based crude fiber extract; V1534, ssniff) or a purified control diet with a comparable carbohydrate, fat, and protein content as chow, but with purified cellulose (5%) as the sole fiber source (autoclaved, S5745-E702, ssniff).
For dietary intervention, the C57BL/6 N mice at the age of six weeks were fed for two weeks either a standard chow diet (5% grain–soybean-based crude fiber extract; V1534, ssniff) or a purified control diet with a comparable carbohydrate, fat, and protein content as chow, but with purified cellulose (5%) as the sole fiber source (autoclaved, S5745-E702, ssniff).