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Phi1257

Manufactured by PerkinElmer
Sourced in United States

The PHI1257 is a benchtop X-ray Photoelectron Spectroscopy (XPS) system designed for surface analysis. It provides high-resolution surface chemical characterization capabilities.

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4 protocols using phi1257

1

Structural Characterization of Gold Nanorods

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Transmission electron micrography
(TEM) was performed (JEOL JEM 200 CX model operated at 200 kV) to
determine the structure and aspect ratio of the as-synthesized Au
NRs. A high-resolution UV–vis spectrophotometer (MODEL No.
LS 55) was used to measure UV–visible spectra. XPS analysis
was carried out in an ultrahigh vacuum chamber equipped with a hemispherical
electron energy analyzer (PerkinElmer, PHI1257) using nonmonochromatized
Al Kα source. The photoluminescence (PL) and PL mapping were
studied by WITec α 300R+ Confocal PL microscope system (WITec
GnBH, Ulm, Germeny).
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2

Raman Analysis and Characterization of Graphene

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Raman analysis of graphene
samples was performed to study the quality of graphene and the number
of layers in graphene by using a Renishaw inVia Raman spectrometer-I
by using 514.5 nm laser with a power of 5 mW with a 50× objective
lens. The structural properties of graphene were investigated using
high-resolution transmission electron microscopy (model Tecnai G2
F30 STWIN) attached with a field emission gun. Electron diffraction
patterns were used to analyze the crystalline nature of graphene.
Electronic measurements were carried out using a Keithley 2634B source
unit. Optical images were captured at different resolutions by using
Olympus MX51. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy (XPS) was performed
to determine the chemical purity and elemental compositions of the
as-synthesized SLG, which was carried out in an ultra-high-vacuum
chamber equipped with a hemispherical electron energy analyzer (PerkinElmer,
PHI1257) using nonmonochromatized Al Kα source (1486.6 eV) with
a base pressure of 4 × 10–10 Torr at room temperature.
The surface topography, grain size, and thickness of SLG were examined
by atomic force microscopy (AFM) (model: 5500; Agilent Technologies).
SLG was imaged in noncontact acoustic alternating current mode under
ambient condition.
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3

Advanced Material Characterization Techniques

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Scanning electron microscopy (SEM)
images were obtained from a field emission scanning electron microscope
(FE-SEM-JEOL Model-JSM7, Japan), equipped with an energy-dispersive
spectrometer. Before the analysis, a thin layer of a gold and palladium
alloy was evenly coated on the sample. High-resolution transmission
electron microscopy (HR-TEM) images were taken by using a JEOL JEM-200CX
operating at 200 kV. The powder X-ray diffraction (XRD) patterns were
recorded on an X-ray diffractometer (XRD Rigaku, Japan). Raman spectra
were collected using a Bruker Optics Senterra dispersive Raman microscope
spectrometer with a 532 nm laser excitation. X-ray photoelectron spectroscopy
(XPS) spectra of the composite were recorded on a PerkinElmer, PHI1257
(USA), with Al Kα source and excitation energy of 1486.7 eV;
the binding energy was calibrated using C 1s at 284.5 eV. Fourier
transform infrared (FTIR) spectroscopy was performed with a Spectrum
Two (PerkinElmer, USA), equipped with an attenuated total reflection
cell using the KBr pellet method. The porous structures of the materials
were determined using a nitrogen adsorption isotherm obtained from
the BELSORP MAX instrument II (Japan) surface analyzer. The materials
were degassed at 200 °C for 2 h under a high vacuum before the
measurement.
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4

Structural and Morphological Characterization of TiO2 Nanotubes

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For phase identification and gross structural analysis, the structural
characterization was performed using X-ray diffractometer (XRD, Rigaku:
MiniFlex, Cu Kα1,
λ = 1.5406 Å). The
surface morphology, length and diameter of TiO2 nanotubes were
determined by scanning electron microscopy (SEM, Model No. EVO-MA 10 VPSEM). The
microstructural studies were carried out using high-resolution transmission
electron microscopy (HRTEM, Model No. Technai G20-twin, 300 kv with
super twin lenses having point and line resolution of 0.144 nm and
0.232 nm, respectively) equipped with energy dispersive x-ray
analysis (EDAX) facility. Raman spectra were obtained using Renishaw InVia Raman
spectrometer, UK with an excitation source of 514.5 nm. The XPS
analysis was carried out in an ultra-high vacuum (UHV) chamber equipped with a
hemispherical electron energy analyzer (Perkin Elmer, PHI1257) using
non-monochromatized Al Kα source (excitation energy of
1486.7 eV) with a base pressure of
4 × 10−10 torr
at room temperature. The work function has been evaluated through open-counter
photoelectron emission (PEE) spectroscopy system.
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