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22 protocols using acetone

1

Characterization of Biomolecular Interactions

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Cytochrome c (12.4 kDa)
from equine heart, myoglobin (17.6 kDa) from equine heart, pepsin
(35 kDa) from porcine gastric mucosa, bovine serum albumin (BSA, 66.4
kDa), conalbumin (77 kDa) from chicken egg white, concanavalin A (102
kDa) from Canavalia ensiformis, immunoglobulin
G (IgG, ∼150 kDa) from human serum, beta amylase (β-amylase,
223.8 kDa) from sweet potato, chaperonin 60 (GroEL, ∼800 kDa)
from Escherichia coli, ammonium acetate,
tris-acetate, potassium chloride, ethylenediaminetetraacetic acid
(EDTA), adenosine-5′-triphosphate (ATP), magnesium chloride,
ammonium hydroxide, and acetic acid were all purchased from Sigma-Aldrich
(Zwijndrecht, The Netherlands). Methanol, acetone, and LC-MS grade
water were purchased from Biosolve (Valkenswaard, The Netherlands).
Nanospray needles were homemade from preheated borosilicate glass
capillaries (Science Products GmbH, Hofheim, Germany) on a DMZ universal
electrode puller (Zeitz-Instruments Vertriebs GmbH, Munich, Germany)
followed by gold coating with a SC7640 sputter coater (Quorum Technologies,
Kent, UK).
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2

Synthesis and Characterization of PLGA Nanoparticles

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Glycolide, stannous 2-ethyl hexanoate (SnOct 2 ), 2,2′-azobis(2methaylpropionitrile) (AIBN), 4,4-azobis(4-cyanopentanoic acid) (ABCPA), hydroxypropyl methacrylate (HEMA), formic acid, 1,1′-carbonyldiimidazole (CDI), 4-(N, N-dimethylamino) pyridine (DMAP), mineral oil (M8410), deuterated dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO-d 6 ), perchloric acid (HClO 4 ), and blue dextran (molecular weight 2 000 000 Da) were obtained from Sigma Chemical Co. (St. Louis, MO, USA). Dichloromethane (DCM), hexane, ethyl acetate, methanol, acetonitrile, dimethyl sulphoxide (DMSO, dried over 3 Å molecular sieves), and acetone were purchased from Biosolve (Valkenswaard, The Netherlands). Irgacure 2959 was obtained from Ciba Specialty Chemicals Inc. (Hercules, USA). ABIL EM 90 was provided from Evonik Industries AG (Essen, Germany). HPMAm and HEMAm were synthesized as described previously. [34] [35] [36] poly(DL-lactic-co-glycolic acid) (PLGA, PDLG 5004A, Purasorb) was obtained from Corbion, Gorichem, the Netherlands. PLGA nanoparticles with a size of 295 nm as measured by dynamic light scattering (DLS) were prepared using a solvent evaporation method. [ 37 ] All other chemicals and solvents were used as received.
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3

Enzymatic Assay for Angiotensin-Converting Enzyme Activity

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Chloroform, acetone, and acetonitrile (CAN) were purchased from Biosolve (Dieuze, France), methanol was obtained from Carlo Erba Reagent (Carlo Erba Reagent, Val-de-Reuil, France), ammonia was purchased from EMSURE (Fontnay-Sous-Bois, France), trifluoroacetic acid (TFA) was supplied by Thermo Fisher Scientific (Waltham, MA, USA). Alcalase® 2.4 L from Bacillus licheniformis, Neutrase® 0.8 L from Bacillus amyloliquefaciens, hexane, boron trifluoride-methanol solution, hippuryl histidyl-leucine (HHL), 2-(cyclohexylamino)ethanesulfonic acid (CHES), (ethylenediamino) tetraacetic acid (EDTA), angiotensin converting enzyme (ACE) derived from rabbit lung, C23, and all HPLC standards were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Munich, Germany). All other reagents used in this study were of analytical grade.
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4

Sensitive UPLC-MS/MS Analysis of Pentacyclic Triterpenes

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Acetonitrile (ULC-MS grade) and acetone (pesticides grade) were purchased
from Biosolve Chimie (Dieuze, France), while formic acid (98% purity) and
ethyl acetate (HPLC HiPerSolv Chromanorm grade) were purchased from VWR
(Radnor, PA). Reverse osmosis water (HPLC grade) prepared using a Millipore
water purification system was used for all the preparations. The internal
standard (Atrazine D5; 99% purity) was obtained from Dr Ehrenstörfer.
Betulin (≥97.5% purity) and Betulinic acid (≥97.5% purity) standards were
purchased from Sigma Aldrich (Saint-Louis, MO), while inotodiol standard
(≥95% purity) was purchased from Chemfaces (Hubei, China). All the solutions
were filtered through a 0.45 µm PVDF Millipore Millex HV (Merck-Millipore,
Billerica, MA).
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5

Characterization of Nero d'Avola Wines

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Commercial Nero d'Avola wines (geographical indication) were from the brand "Conte di Matarocco, Terre Siciliane" and produced by Cantine Paolini (Sicily, Italy). Wines were purchased at local retailers.
Maltodextrin (dextrose equivalent 13.0-17.0) and 1-Hexan-d 13 -ol were supplied by Sigma-Aldrich (Milan, Italy). All solvents, unless specified, were from Merck (Darmstadt, Germany).
Acetonitrile, acetone and methanol (LC-MS grade) were purchased from Biosolve B.V.
(Valkenswaard, The Netherlands). Acetic acid (100% purity) and formic acid (98-100% purity) were from VWR International B.V. (Roden, The Netherlands). PTFE syringe filters (0.45 m pore size) were supplied by Sigma-Aldrich. Gallic acid, caffeic acid, quercetin, (+)-catechin, epicatechin, cyaniding-3-O-glucoside and myricetin were all purchased from Sigma-Aldrich.
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6

Quantitative Analysis of Chlorinated Tyrosine

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Acetic acid, ABC, calcium
hypochlorite, 3-chloro-l-tyrosine, dithiothreitol (DTT),
formic acid, pepsin from porcine gastric mucosa (≥2,500 units/mg
protein), protease from Streptomyces griseus (pronase, ≥3.5 units/mg solid), sodium acetate trihydrate,
sodium iodoacetate, trifluoroAcetic acid, trypsin from the bovine
pancreas (≥10 000 BAEE units/mg protein), and urea were
obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (Zwijndrecht, The Netherlands). Acetonitrile,
acetone, and methanol were purchased from Biosolve (Valkenswaard,
The Netherlands). A peptide mixture of bovine serum albumin protein
digest (BSA, LOT #UH285651) and hydrochloric acid were obtained from
ThermoFisher Scientific (Landsmeer, The Netherlands). Additionally,
water (MilliQ, SimPak 1), 3,5-dichloro-l-tyrosine (BOC Sciences,
London, UK), and 13C6-3-chloro-l-tyrosine
(Cambridge Isotopic Laboratories, Andover MA, USA) were employed.
The purities of the agents were higher than 97%. Human plasma was
purchased from Sanquin (Amsterdam, The Netherlands).
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7

Antioxidant Capacity Evaluation Protocol

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Ascorbic acid (AA), [2,2′-azinobis(3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid)] diammonium salt (ABTS), 2,2′-azobis (2-methylpropionamidine) dihydrochloride (ABAP), 2′,7′-dichlorofluorescein diacetate (DCFH-DA), Folin-Ciocalteau's reagent, Hanks' balanced salt solution (HBSS), 6-hydroxy-2,5,7,8-tetramethylchroman-2-carboxylic acid (Trolox), potassium persulfate, and phenolic standards (apigenin, benzoic acid, caffeic acid, cinnamic acid, p-coumaric acid, ferulic acid, gallic acid, phydroxybenzoic acid, luteolin, mangiferin, protocatechuic acid, syringic acid, vanillic acid, vanillin) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich (Gillingham, UK). β-Carotene was obtained from Extrasynthese (Genay, France). Acetonitrile, acetone and methanol (LC-MS grade) were purchased from Biosolve B.V. (Valkenswaard, The Netherlands) and acetic and formic acid from VWR International B.V. (Roden, The Netherlands). RPMI, fetal bovine serum (FBS), phosphate buffered saline (PBS), L-glutamine solution (200 mM), trypsin-EDTA solution (170,000 U/l trypsin and 0.2 g/l EDTA) and penicillin-streptomycin solution (10,000 U/mL penicillin and 10 mg/mL streptomycin) were purchased from Lonza (Verviers, Belgium). All other materials and solvents were of analytical grade unless indicated otherwise.
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8

Proteomic Sample Preparation Procedure

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DSSO, Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM), foetal bovine serum (FBS), l-glutamine, penicillin, streptomycin and phosphate-buffered saline (PBS) were obtained from Thermo Fisher Scientific (Les Ulis, France). Formic acid (FA), HPLC grade water, trifluoroacetic acid (TFA), acetonitrile (ACN), methanol, ethanol, acetone and trichloroacetic acid were all purchased from Biosolve (Dieuze, France). dl-Dithiothreitol (DTT), iodoacetamide (IAA), chloroform, dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO), ammonium bicarbonate (AB), 4-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine-1-ethane sulfonic acid, N-(2-hydroxyethyl)piperazine-N-(2-ethane sulfonic acid) (HEPES), sodium chloride (NaCl) and magnesium chloride (MgCl2) were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich. Tris was purchased from Bio-Rad (Steenvoorde, France). Extraction Illustra triplePrep Kit was from GE Healthcare. LysC/trypsin was obtained from Promega (Charbonnières-les-Bains, France). Amicon centrifugal filters and C18 ZipTip pipette tips were from Merck Millipore (Merck KGaA, Darmstadt, Germany).
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9

Mass Spectrometry Lipid Analysis

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Acetone and methanol (HPLC
grade) were obtained from Biosolve (Valkenswaard, Netherlands). Trifluoroacetic
acid (TFA, 99%), α-cyano-4-hydroxycinnamic acid (α-HCCA,
purity 97%), and red phosphorus (>97%) were purchased from Sigma-Aldrich
(Taufkirchen, Germany). The internal standard SPLASH LipidoMIX containing
deuterated lipids from different families was purchased from Avanti
Polar Lipids (Alabaster, Alabama) via Sigma-Aldrich.
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10

Reagents for Cell Culture Analysis

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Dulbecco’s modified Eagle’s medium (DMEM) and fetal bovine serum (FBS) were obtained from Gibco (Paisly, United Kingdom). Inhibitors and dimethyl sulfoxide (DMSO) were obtained from Sigma (city, state if USA, country). Methanol, acetonitrile, acetone, and ammonium formate were purchased from BioSolve (Valkenswaard, The Netherlands), chloroform was obtained from Roth (Karlsruhe, Germany) and were all HPLC/MS grade.
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