Dynamic reaction cell

Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometry (ICP-MS) applied with ELAN DRC-e with Dynamic Reaction Cell (Perkin Elmer, SCIEX, Waltham, MA, USA) was used for the determination of Se. The blood plasma was prepared by 150-fold dilution in nitric acid (1%). The certificate reference material—human serum BCR-637 from the National Institute of Standard and Technology (NIST)—was examined for Se determination.

Urine samples were collected from workers after a shift at work. The samples were collected from May 2021 to June 2021 and were stored at −80 °C until As determination and untargeted analysis. In all urine samples, the concentrations of tAs and creatinine were determined. The concentrations of urinary tAs and As species were normalized to creatinine. In the WH group, speciation studies of two As forms—iAs and arsenobetaine (AsB)—were additionally performed. The concentration of urinary tAs was determined using an ELAN DRC-e ICP-MS with a Dynamic Reaction Cell (Perkin Elmer, SCIEX, Waltham, MA, USA), and the concentration of As species—iAs and AsB—were determined using the instrument Series 200 HPLC (Perkin Elmer, SCIEX, Waltham, MA, USA). Further description of As determination in the urine was provided in the study by Janasik et al. [23 (link)].

Urine samples collected between October 2021 and December 2022 were stored at −80 °C until subjected to metabolomics analyses. To determine the concentration of As, an ELAN DRC-e Inductively Coupled Plasma Mass Spectrometer (ICP-MS), equipped with a Dynamic Reaction Cell (Perkin Elmer, SCIEX, Waltham, MA, USA), was used, following a protocol previously published [16 (link)].