Human recombinant ar

The MeOH used for HPLC analysis was obtained from J. T. Baker (Avantor Performance Materials LLC, Center Valley, PA, USA), whereas the other organic solvents used for extraction and separation were obtained from Samchun Pure Chemical Co., LTD (Pyeongtaek, Korea). Dimethyl sulfoxide, sodium phosphate monobasic dihydrate, ammonium sulfate, sodium hydroxide, potassium phosphate monobasic, sodium phosphate dibasic dodecahydrate, β-nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide 2′-phosphate reduced tetrasodium salt hydrate (NADPH), ammonia solution (28–30%), formic acid (98%), glacial acetic acid, DL-glyceraldehyde (dimer), trifluoroacetic acid (TFA, 99%), Trolox, quercetin, 2,2′-azinobis (3-ethylbenzothiazoline-6-sulfonic acid) diammonium salt (ABTS), fluorescein sodium salt, 2,2′-azobis (2-methylpropionamidine) dihydrochloride (AAPH), 2,2-diphenyl-1-picrylhydrazyl (DPPH), sodium hypochlorite solution (10–15%), potassium persulfate, and 1,8-diaminonaphthalene (99%), were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich Chemical Co. (St. Louis, MO, USA). Human recombinant AR was purchased from Wako Pure Chemical Industries Ltd. (Osaka, Japan). Quercitrin was separated in our lab [39 (link)]. Epalrestat was purchased from CSNpharm (Arlington Heights, IL, USA). All the n-BuOH used for separations was saturated using water before use.

Human recombinant AR was supplied by Wako Pure Chemical Industries Ltd. (Osaka, Japan). Ammonium sulfate, disodium hydrogen phosphate dodecahydrate, _DL-glyceraldehyde, NADPH, potassium dihydrogen phosphate, quercetin, sodium dihydrogen phosphate dehydrate, sodium hydroxide, and trifluoroacetic acid were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich (St. Louis, MO, USA). HE, EA, and ME were purchased from J.T. Baker (Phillipsburg, NJ, USA). The deionized WA (resistivity > 18.2 MΩ cm) was produced by a Milli-Q system (Millipore, Bedford, MA, USA) in our laboratory.