Indicine n oxide

PA standards used for analysis were 7-acetylintermedine, 7-acetylintermedine-N-oxide, 7-acetyllycopsamine, 7-acetyllycopsamine-N-oxide, echinatine, echinatine-N-oxide, heliosupine, heliosupine-N-oxide, heliotrine, heliotrine-N-oxide, indicine hydrochloride, indicine-N-oxide, integerrimine, integerrimine-N-oxide, intermedine, lycopsamine, lycopsamine-N-oxide, retrorsine, riddelliine, riddelliine-N-oxide, rinderine, rinderine-N-oxide, senecionine, senecionine-N-oxide, seneciphylline, and senkirkine, from PhytoPlan (Heidelberg, Germany). Echimidine, Echimidine-N-oxide, erucifoline, erucifoline-N-oxide, europine hydrochloride, europine-N-oxide, intermedine-N-oxide, jacobine, jacobine-N-oxide, lasiocarpine, Monocrotaline-N-oxide, retrorsine-N-oxide, seneciphylline-N-oxide, senecivernine, and senecivernine-N-oxide were from PhytoLab (Vestenbergsgreuth, Germany). lasiocarpine-N-oxide was from Cfm Oskar Tropitzsch (Marktredwitz, Germany). Monocrotaline was from Carl Roth (Karlsruhe, Germany) and trichodesmine from Latoxan (Valence, France). For the palynological analysis and sample preparation, the following reagents were used: demineralized water, ultrapure water, dish soap, Kaiser’s glycerol gelatin, dry ice, 0.05 M sulfuric acid, ammonia solution, and methanol. For sample analysis, 5 mM ammonium formate and 0.1% (v/v) formic acid in methanol were used.