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10 protocols using ezrmfgf21 26k

1

Measuring FGF21 and Adiponectin in Plasma

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Whole blood was collected from trunk blood at euthanasia into chilled EDTA-coated tubes, then centrifuged at 3,000g for 30 minutes at 4°C. Plasma was stored at –80°C for later analysis. FGF21 was measured using a commercially available kit (MilliporeSigma, catalog EZRMFGF21-26K) following the manufacturer’s instructions. Adiponectin was also measured using a commercially available kit (MilliporeSigma, catalog EZMADP-60K) following the manufacturer’s instructions.
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2

Measuring Metabolic Biomarkers in Plasma

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Blood glucose was measured with an Ascensia Breeze 2 glucometer (Bayer). Insulin, IL6, and leptin in plasma were measured by multiplexed ELISA (Millipore Sigma MMHMAG-44K) using a Luminex 200 machine (Millipore Sigma). The plasma concentration of FGF21 (Millipore Sigma EZRMFGF21-26K) and adiponectin (Millipore Sigma EZMADP-60K) was measured by ELISA.
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3

Plasma FGF21 and IGF1 Quantification

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Plasma was obtained from blood collected from controls and DRP1-null mice. Blood FGF21 levels were determined using rat/mouse FGF21 enzime-linked immunosorbent ELISA-Kit (Merck Millipore, EZRMFGF21-26K). Blood IGF1 levels were measured using mouse/rat IGF1 immunoassay (MG100, R&D Systems) and following the manufacturer’s instructions. The data are expressed in pg/ml.
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4

Measurement of Metabolic Biomarkers

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Kits were used according to manufacturer’s instructions to measure fibroblast growth factor 21 (FGF21; EZRMFGF21‐26K; EMD Millipore), β‐hydroxybutyrate (K632; Biovision), free fatty acid FUJIFILM (276‐76491, 999‐34691, 995‐34791, 991‐34891, 993‐35191; Wako Diagnostics) and glucagon (10‐1281‐01; Mercodia).
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5

Multiplex Profiling of Plasma Biomolecules

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Blood was collected by cardiac puncture from the animals after killing; plasma was separated and stored at −80°C until use. The levels of cytokines and chemokines were measured using magnetic bead based immunology multiplex assay kits procured from Merck Millipore, U.S.A. following manufacturer’s protocol. IL1α, IL6, and TNFα were measured using ‘MCYTOMAG-70K’ and peptide YY (PYY), leptin, insulin, and amylin were measured using ‘MMHMAG-44K’. Data were recorded and analyzed on a Luminex xMAP system using the software program ‘xPONENT’. Levels of FGF21 were measured using 96-well ELISA-based assay kit (EZRMFGF21-26K) from EMD Millipore Corporation, MA, U.S.A. following the protocol provided along with the kit. Six samples per group were analyzed. Plasma levels of VEGF were measured using quantitative ELISA kit by R&D Systems, ME, U.S.A. following the protocol provided by the manufacturer.
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6

Fasting Mouse Hormone Measurement

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Mice at UM were fasted overnight (18 hr), after which blood samples for hormone measurements were collected via tail nick, without anesthesia, using heparin as an anticoagulant. Samples were obtained between 8 am and 10 am. Glucose levels were determined using a hand-held glucometer, and the plasma samples then stored at −80°C prior to assessment of hormone concentrations. Plasma IGF-1 levels were determined with a double-antibody RIA kit (Cat. # IGF-21, ALPCO, Salem, NH). For the IGF-1 RIA, the assay was run at one-quarter of the manufacturer’s recommended protocol volumes. Plasma T4 levels were quantified using a monoclonal solid-phase RIA kit (Cat. # 06B-254011, MP Biomedicals, Orangeburg, NY). For the T4 RIA, the assay was run at 40% of the volumes stated in the manufacturer’s protocol. Insulin levels were quantified via a two site enzyme immunoassay kit (Cat. # 80-INSMSU-E01, ALPCO, Salem, NH). Plasma leptin levels were determined using an ELISA sandwich assay (Cat. # 90030, Crystal Chem Inc., Downers Grove, IL). Leptin samples were done in two batches, and a correction factor used to adjust the mean level in each batch to the same level prior to further analysis. Plasma FGF-21 levels were quantified using an ELISA sandwich assay. (Cat.# EZRMFGF21-26K, Millipore, St. Charles, MO). All samples were assayed in duplicate.
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7

Metabolic Biomarker Profiling in Mice

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Plasma insulin (Ultrasensitive Mouse Insulin ELISA, Cat# 80-INSMSU-E01 Alpco Diagnostics, Salem, NH), total GLP-1 (Meso Scale Diagnostics, Cat# K150JVC-2 Rockville, MD), GIP (Crystal Chem, Cat# 81517, Elk Grove Village, IL), and GCG (Mercodia, Cat#10-1281-01) levels were assessed in plasma samples collected before (time 0) and 10 mins post glucose or insulin administration during metabolic tests. Plasma was assayed for non-esterified fatty acids (NEFAs) using the NEFA-HR (2) kit (Wako Diagnostics, Cat# 999-34691, 995-34791, 991-34891, 993-35191, 276-76491, Mountain View, CA) or triglycerides (TGs) using the Trig-GB kit (Cat# 05171407, calibrator 11877771216, Roche, Mississauga, ON). For determination of TGs in tissue, frozen iBAT samples were weighed (10–20 mg) and TGs were extracted using a 2:1 chloroform-methanol solution and quantified with Trig-GB kit (Roche). Plasma FGF21 (Millipore, Cat# EZRMFGF21-26K, Billerica, MA) levels were assayed in fasted (4 h) 8 week old mice fed a RCD.
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8

FGF21 and Inflammatory Markers in OPA1 Mice

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Plasma was obtained from blood collected from controls and OPA1 null mice. Blood FGF21 levels were determined using Rat/Mouse FGF21 Enzime-linked Immunosorbent ELISA-Kit (Millipore, EZRMFGF21-26K). OPA1 KO mice FGF21 relative quantification was normalized to controls. Data are expressed as fold increase of controls. Blood IL-6 (Millipore, EZMIL6), TNF-α (Millipore, EZMTNFA), IL-1α (Thermofisher, EMIL1A) IL-1β (Thermofisher, EM2IL1B) were measured following the manufacturer’s instructions. Data are expressed in pg/mL. Glucose measurement was performed at 9 a.m. in fed condition, with the One Touch Ultra Easy glucose meter (LifeScan Inc.). Data are expressed in mg/dL.
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9

Hormonal Analysis in Fasted Mice

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Mice at UM were fasted overnight (18 h), after which blood samples for hormone measurements were collected via tail nick, without anesthesia, using heparin as an anticoagulant. Samples were obtained between 8 and 10 am. Glucose levels were determined using a handheld glucometer, and the plasma samples then stored at −80 °C prior to the assessment of hormone concentrations. Plasma IGF-1 levels were determined with a double-antibody RIA kit (Cat. # IGF-21, ALPCO, Salem, NH, USA). For the IGF-1 RIA, the assay was run at one-quarter of the manufacturer’s recommended protocol volumes. Plasma T4 levels were quantified using a monoclonal solid-phase RIA kit (Cat. # 06B-254011, MP Biomedicals, Orangeburg, NY, USA). For the T4 RIA, the assay was run at 40% of the volumes stated in the manufacturer’s protocol. Insulin levels were quantified via a two-site enzyme immunoassay kit (Cat. # 80-INSMSU-E01, ALPCO). Plasma leptin levels were determined using an ELISA sandwich assay (Cat. # 90030, Crystal Chem Inc., Downers Grove, IL, USA). Leptin samples were performed in two batches, and a correction factor used to adjust the mean level in each batch to the same level prior to further analysis. Plasma FGF-21 levels were quantified using an ELISA sandwich assay. (Cat.# EZRMFGF21-26K, Millipore, St. Charles, MO, USA). All samples were assayed in duplicate.
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10

Measuring Plasma C-peptide, FGF21, and GLP-1

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C-peptide (Crystal Chem, #90050) and FGF21 (EZRMFGF21–26 K; Millipore, Billerica, MA) were analyzed individually by ELISA assay and total GLP-1 was determined using the Meso Scale Assay System (Cat# K150JVC, Mesoscale Discovery, Rockville, MD) in EDTA-collected plasma.
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