(average Mn 3400, Sigma-Aldrich, St. Louis,
MO), lyophilized RGD-ELP, and lyophilized RDG-ELP were solubilized
in chilled phosphate buffered saline (PBS) (1×, pH 7.4) at a
stock concentration of 12.5 wt % separately and dissolved by vortex.
Air bubbles were removed by centrifugation, and the final solutions
were kept on ice until use. An initial cross-linker stock solution
of 16.1 mg/mL tris(hydroxymethyl)phosphine (THP, Sigma-Aldrich) was
prepared in PBS and kept on ice. The stoichiometric cross-linking
ratio (X) of cross-linker reactive hydroxyl groups
(3 per THP molecule) to total primary amine groups (14 per ELP chain
and 2 per PEG chain) was varied by adjusting the concentration of
THP stock solution during the experiments. The hydrogel precursor
solutions were mixed with the cross-linker at a 4:1 volume ratio to
yield cross-linked hydrogels that consisted of 5 wt % ELP and 0, 1,
2.5, or 5 wt % of PEG. Cross-linking ratios of 1.10, 1.65, and 2.20
were used in different experiments. To control the density of RGD
ligands, RGD-ELP and RDG-ELP were mixed at different ratios while
maintaining a constant 5 wt % ELP.