Manual williams periodontal probe

All the participants underwent documentation of their demographic variables such as age, height, weight, BMI, waist–hip ratio, and income per month. Periodontal parameters such as the plaque index (PI) [12 (link)] was measured at 4 sites of all the teeth of the dentition, bleeding on probing (BOP) was measured in 4 sites of all the teeth of the dentition and expressed in % [13 (link)], the probing pocket depth (PPD) (mm) in 6 sites of each tooth in the entire dentition was measured and averaged, and the clinical attachment level (CAL) (mm) was measured in 6 sites per tooth in the entire dentition and averaged. Cardiac parameters such as the total cholesterol levels (TC), high-density lipoprotein levels (HDL), low-density lipoprotein levels (LDL), total triglyceride levels (TG), systolic blood pressure (SBP) and systolic blood pressure (DBP) were recorded. The periodontal parameters were recorded using a Williams periodontal probe (Manual Williams periodontal probe, Hu-Friedy, Chicago, IL, USA) to the nearest millimeter from six sites per tooth.

Clinical measurements were made at the beginning of the study in all patients included in the test and control groups. Clinical measurements of the test group with stage 3 grade A periodontitis were repeated at 3 months after NSPT. The periodontal parameters of clinical attachment level (CAL), pocket depth (PD), gingival index (GI) [24 (link)], plaque index (PI) [25 (link)], and bleeding on probing (BOP) [26 (link)] were evaluated. Measurements were taken of each tooth from 6 regions (mesiobuccal, mid-buccal, distobuccal, distolingual/palatinal, mid-lingual/palatinal, and mesiolingual/palatinal) using a pre-calibrated manual Williams periodontal probe (Hu-Friedy, Chicago, USA). Clinical measurements were made by a single clinician (EÇÖ). The patients were also evaluated in respect of whether they had lost any teeth because of periodontitis. To provide calibration of the researcher, the periodontal clinical parameters of CAL and PD were measured twice at a 1-h interval in 5 volunteers. The first and second measurements were made blind and at least 90% repeatability was obtained with a mean difference of 1 mm.

All the participants underwent documentation of their demographic variables such as age, height, weight, BMI, waist–hip ratio, and monthly income; periodontal parameters such as plaque index (PI) [7 (link)], bleeding on probing (BOP) [8 (link)], probing pocket depth (PPD), clinical attachment level (CAL) and cardiac parameters such as total cholesterol levels (TC), High-density lipoprotein levels (HDL), Low-density lipoprotein levels (LDL), total triglyceride levels (TG), Systolic blood pressure (SBP), and Diastolic blood pressure (DBP) were recorded. Periodontal parameters were recorded using a Manual Williams periodontal probe, (Hu-Friedy, Chicago, IL, USA) to the nearest millimeter from six sites per tooth.