Bbl mueller hinton broth

The minimum inhibitory concentrations (MICs) of 8-HHIA and 9-HHIA were tested against six pathogenic bacteria: Escherichia coli NBRC 3972, Pseudomonas aeruginosa NBRC 12689, methicillin-resistant Staphylococcus aureus IID 1677, Salmonella enteritidis NBRC 3313, Vibrio parahaemolyticus NBRC 12711, and Klebsiella pneumoniae NBRC 13277. The 8-HHIA and 9-HHIA solutions (2.5 mM) were serially diluted with distilled water and added to BBL Mueller Hinton Broth (Becton, Dickinson and Company, Cockeysville, MD, USA). After inoculation of the indicator strains, the cultures were incubated at 35 °C for 1 day. This test was performed at Kyoto Biken Laboratories, Inc. (Kyoto, Japan).

The methacrylic monomer 2-(((2-(4-methylthiazol-5-yl)ethoxy)carbonyl)oxy)ethyl methacrylate (MTZ) was prepared according to the procedure described previously [32 (link)]. Anhydrous N,N-dimethylformamide (DMF, 99.8%), anhydrous tetrahydrofuran (THF, 99.9%), dimethylsulfoxide (DMSO, 99%), n-hexane (≥95%), 5-(2-hydroxyethyl)-4-methylthiazole (98%), 1-iodobutane (99%) and RAFT agent 2-cyano-2-propyl benzodithioate (CPBD, >97%), were purchased from Sigma Aldrich and used as received. 2,2′-Azobisisobutyronitrile (AIBN, 98%, Acros) was recrystallized twice from methanol. Cellulose dialysis membranes (CelluSep T-series and H1) were acquired from Membrane Filtration Products, Inc. Phosphate buffered saline powder (pH 7.4) was acquired from Sigma-Aldrich, buffer solution at pH 9 was obtained from Chem Lab.
For biological studies, sodium chloride solution (NaCl suitable for cell culture, BioXtra), Triton X-114 (laboratory grade) were obtained from Sigma-Aldrich. Growth medium, BBL Mueller–Hinton broth, was purchased from Becton Dickinson Company and Columbia agar (5% sheep blood) plates from BioMérieux. Staphylococcus aureus resistant to methicillin and oxacillin (S. aureus, ATCC 43300) used as bacterial strain was purchased from Oxoid, Thermo Fisher Scientific.

Carbapenem resistance for the CR-KP ST15 isolates were confirmed by determining MICs of meropenem by using Etests (BioMérieux) on Muller-Hinton agar (Oxoid, Basingstoke, England). Furthermore, Etests were used to determine MICs for the antibiotics ertapenem, imipenem, amikacin, gentamicin, tobramycin, fosfomycin, chloramphenicol, trimethoprim/sulfamethoxazole, ciprofloxacin and tigecycline. MICs of colistin were determined by using the broth microdilution method with cation-adjusted BBL Mueller-Hinton broth (BD, Franklin Lakes, NJ, USA) and Sensititre plates (Thermofisher Scientific, Waltham, MA, USA). Antimicrobial susceptibility was determined using the clinical breakpoints from the European Committee for Antimicrobial Susceptibility Testing (EUCAST, 2017). Isolates were considered multidrug-resistant if non-susceptible to antibiotics in three or more groups of antibiotics [15 (link)].