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5 protocols using 8 pcpt cgmp

1

Pharmacological Modulation of Signaling Pathways

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During this study the following drugs were used: diethylenetriamine/nitric oxide adduct (DETA-NO, 250–500 µM, Sigma), Nω-Nitro-L-arginine methyl ester hydrochloride (L-NAME, 500 µM-1 mM, Sigma), 8-(4-Chlorophenylthio)-guanosine 3′, 5′-cyclic monophosphate sodium salt (8-pCPT-cGMP, 500–750 µM, Sigma), 1 H-[1] (link), [2] (link), [4] (link)Oxadiazolo[4,3-a]quinoxalin-1-one (ODQ, 500 µM, Ascent Scientific), tetrodotoxin (TTX, 1 µM, Ascent Scientific), (+)-tubocurarine hydrochloride (tubocurarine, 3 µM, Sigma), formamide (2 M, Sigma) and 18-β-glycyrrhetinic acid (18βGA, 100 µM, Sigma).
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2

Vasopressin-Induced Ca2+ Signaling Regulation

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Physiological saline of the following composition was used (mM): NaCl 120.4, KCl 5.9, MgSO4 1.2, CaCl2 2, glucose 11.5, and HEPES 11. The Ca2+-free solutions contained 2 mM EGTA. [Arg8]-Vasopressin acetate salt (AVP), Carbachol (CCh), Caffeine, Zaprinast (ZAP), 1H-[1,2,4]Oxadiazolo[4,3-a]quinoxalin-1-one (ODQ), Rp-8-pCPT-cGMPS sodium salt, 8pCPT-cGMP, S-nitroso-N-acetyl-DL-penicillamine (SNAP) were from Sigma. Fluo-4 acetoxymethyl ester was from Molecular Probes, Life Technologies, UK.
[Arg8]-Vasopressin acetate salt, Carbachol, Caffeine, Rp-8-pCPT-cGMPS sodium salt, 8pCPT-cGMP were dissolved in water; S-nitroso-N-acetyl-DL-penicillamine (SNAP), 1H-[1,2,4]Oxadiazolo[4,3-a]quinoxalin-1-one (ODQ), Zaprinast in DMSO.
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3

Apoptosis Monitoring in Renal Proximal Tubular Cells

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Human primary renal proximal tubular epithelial cells (HRPTC, ScienCell Research Laboratories, Carlsbad, CA) were seeded in 96-well plates and cultured for 1 day until 70–80% confluency before experiments. Passages 3–5 were used. Caspase 3/7 green apoptosis assay agent (Essen BioScience, Ann Arbor, MI) was added to culture medium for the detection of apoptosis. Plates were then transferred to a time-lapsed, live imaging system IncuCyte (Essen BioScience, Ann Arbor, MI) for apoptosis monitoring for a total of 24 hours. Hypoxia/reoxygenation (H/R) in cells was mimicked with mineral oil (Sigma, St Louis, MO) immersion 25 (link). Cells were immersed with oil for 2 hours, washed twice and replaced with fresh medium including vehicle (H/R group) or drugs. ANP, BNP, CRRL269 at concentrations of 10−8, 10−7 or 10−6 M were used. Protein kinase G (PKG, important cGMP binding protein) activating analogue 8-pCPT-cGMP (specific for PKG and low affinity to phosphodiesterases, Sigma, St Louis, MO) at concentrations of 10−7, 10−6 or 10−5 M were used. Cells were treated with 10−6, 5X10−6 or 1.5X10−5 M PKG inhibitor KT-5823 (Abcam, Cambridge, MA) for 30 min before 10−6 M CRRL269 was added. Cells without H/R stimulation were labeled as negative control (Neg Ctrl) group. Apoptosis signals (e.g. apoptosis object counts) were analyzed with the software provided by IncuCyte.
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4

Selective Dual TRPC3/TRPC6 Inhibitor

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A new selective dual TRPC3/TRPC6 small molecule inhibitor GSK2833503A (GSK503A, also denoted as Example 19) 25 (link), 26 was provided by GlaxoSmithKline Pharmaceuticals. GSK503A has an IC50 = 21 nM for TRPC3 and 3 nM for TRPC6. Corresponding IC50 for Cav1.2, hERG, Nav1.5, TRPV1, and TRPV4 are 10,000, >50,000, 3300, 6,300, and 12,500 respectively. Cell permeable cGMP-analog (8-pCPT-cGMP) and cAMP-analog (8-Br-cAMP) were obtained from Sigma. For in vivo studies, sildenafil citrate (Revatio, Pfizer) was compressed into soft rodent chow (Transgenic Dough Diet, Bio-Serv) and provided at a dose of 200mg/kg/day for 2 months as described previously 27 (link). This dose yields a free plasma concentration in the range of 30–50 nM, well within the selective range for PDE5A.
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5

Murine Intestinal Tissue and Ussing Chamber Assay

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Collection of murine intestinal tissue and Ussing chamber assays were performed as described elsewhere (41 (link)). Tissue was incubated in modified Meyler solution (128 mmol/liter NaCl, 4.7 mmol/liter KCl, 1.3 mmol/liter CaCl2, 1.0 mmol/liter MgCl2, 0.3 mmol/liter Na2HPO4, 0.4 mmol/liter NaH2PO4, 20 mmol/liter NaHCO3, 10 mmol/liter HEPES), supplemented with glucose (10 mmol/liter; added solely to the serosal bathing solution) in 95% O2, 5% CO2, pH 7.3, at 37 °C. CFTR-dependent anion secretion was stimulated by addition of the adenylyl cyclase activator forskolin (Sigma-Aldrich), STa (added to the luminal bathing solution only; Bachem), or the membrane-permeable cGMP analog 8-pCPT-cGMP (Sigma-Aldrich). Data shown represent Isc measurements, obtained by clamping of the transepithelial potential difference at 0 mV.
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