The following antibodies were used in this study: anti-PD-L1 (ab205921, clone 28-8, Abcam, Cambridge, UK) anti-PD-L1 (#13684, clone E1L3N, Cell Signaling Technology, MA, USA), anti-β-actin (sc-8432, Santa Cruz, CA, USA), anti-DNMT3a (sc-365769, Santa Cruz, CA, USA), anti-DNMT1 (sc-271729, Santa Cruz, CA, USA), anti-p-signal transducer and activator of transcription 1 (p-STAT1, sc-8394, Santa Cruz, CA, USA), anti-STAT1 (sc-464, Santa Cruz, CA, USA), anti-interferon regulatory factor 1 (IRF1, sc-514544, Santa Cruz, CA, USA), and horseradish peroxidase (HRP)-conjugated secondary antibodies (Santa Cruz, CA, USA).
Lentiviruses carrying individual shRNA were obtained from the National Core Facility for Manipulation of Gene Function by RNAi, miRNA, miRNA sponges, and CRISPR/Genomic Research Center, Academia Sinica, Taipei, Taiwan.