N methyl pyrrolidone (nmp)

Commercially available battery materials were sourced directly from the suppliers, including: active material LiNi_1/3Co_1/3Mn_1/3O₂, NMC (5 to 25 μm particle size, Targray, Canada) and electrical conductivity enhancer carbon black, CB (100 to 300 nm particle size, 75 m² g⁻¹ specific surface area, Alfa Aesar, United Kingdom). An aprotic solvent N‐Methyl‐2‐pyrrolidone, NMP (≥99.5 %, Acros Organics, UK) was selected as the media for EPD experiments, because of its low volatility, high chemical stability, its exceptionally high surface tension (>40 mJ m⁻²) and highly polar nature that ensure a stable suspension of colloids. A related reason is that NMP is recyclable by distillation, biodegradable and is used as the solvent of choice in slurry casting of Lithium‐ion battery electrode. Cationic polyelectrolyte Poly(diallyldimethylammonium chloride), PDDA (20 wt. % in H₂O, Sigma Aldrich, UK) was used as a dispersant and charging agent. PDDA was chosen because it contains strong cationic and activated adsorbent group radicals which can destabilize and flocculate suspended solids through electro‐neutralization and bridging adsorption.15, 16 All materials and chemicals were used as received without further processing.

Waste jean with 68% cotton, 30% polyester, and 2% of elastane composition was used as the raw material to produce AC. Potassium hydroxide (KOH, Merck) was the activating chemical. 1 M sulfuric acid (H₂SO₄, Riedel-de-Haen) was employed as aqueous electrolyte. Conductive carbon black (CB, TIMCAL Super C45), polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF, Sigma-Aldrich), and n-methyl-2-pyrrolidone (NMP, Acros Organics) were the chemicals used to assemble supercapacitor electrodes.

Anodes were fabricated by preparing inks containing 80 wt% active material, 10 wt% carbon black (Vulcan XC-72R, Cabot) as the conducting agent, and 10 wt% binder, made by dispersing polyvinylidene fluoride (PVDF, Kynar blend) in N-methylpyrrolidone (NMP, Acros, 99.5% Extra Dry). The inks were homogenized through repeated and successive sonication and stirring, coated onto a copper foil (Alfa Aesar, 99.999%), dried at 100 °C under vacuum for 12 h, then pressed at 1500 lbs for 5 min. For all electrodes fabricated in this study, the active loading was 0.2–0.8 mg active material/cm². Coin cells were assembled to test the electrochemical properties of anodes in a half-cell configuration. Coin cells (2 cm in diameter, Hohsen Corp.) were assembled in an argon-filled glovebox (Labconco) with the anodes as the working electrode, lithium metal (Alfa Aesar, 99.9%) as both the counter and reference electrode, Celgard 2320 tri-layer PP/PE/PP as the separator, and a mixture of 1 M lithium hexafluorophosphate (LiPF₆, Acros 98%) in (1:1:1 vol) ethylene carbonate (EC, Acros 99+%):dimethyl carbonate (DMC, Acros 98+%):diethyl carbonate (DEC, Acros 99%) as the electrolyte.

bedaquiline fumarate salt and 6-deuterium-labelled bedaquiline were manufactured internally at Janssen. PLGA5050A (L/G ratio 50/50, acid terminated, inherent viscosity (IV) 0.48 dL/g), PLGA7525A (L/G ratio 75/25, acid terminated, IV 0.48 dL/g), PLGA7525E (L/G ratio 75/25, ester terminated, IV 0.35 dL/g), PDLLA (poly(d,l-lactide), acid terminated, IV 0.71 dL/g), lactide, and glycolide were sourced from Ashland (Covington, KY, USA). Polyethylene glycol 400 (PEG400) was purchased from Clariant (Frankfurt am Main, Germany). NMP was sourced from Acros Organics (Geel, Belgium) and water for injections from Sterop Laboratoria (Brussels, Belgium) or Baxter (Lessines, Belgium). All other chemicals were purchased from commercial sources as reagent grade.