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93 protocols using acuson sequoia

1

Ultrasound Imaging Quality Comparison

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All examinations were performed using two high-performance ultrasound devices (Acuson Sequoia, Siemens Healthineers, Erlangen, Germany) and Canon Aplio i800 (Canon Medical Systems, Ota, Japan). Three convex-shaped probes, a conventional standard probe (SP, 5C1 Acuson Sequoia, Siemens Healthineers) and two high-performance probes (HPP) 1 (Deep abdominal transducer, DAX, Acuson Sequoia, Siemens Healthineers) and 2 (Ultra-Wideband Matrix Convex i8CX1, Aplio i800, Canon) were included in the current study to test for differences in ultrasound imaging quality. The applied probes use different technical improvements to enable a higher penetration depth in obese patients. HPP1 will add crystal elements depending on the depth of the area of interest and HPP2 uses a single crystal low-noise transducer array technology in combination with a matrix array transducer element design to achieve high signal-to-noise ratio especially in the far field. For a detailed description of used probes, please refer to Supplementary Table 1 and Supplementary Fig. 1.
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2

Siemens Ultrasound Elastographic Evaluation

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All US and ARFI elastographic examinations were performed using Siemens Acuson S2000, Acuson S3000 and Acuson Sequoia (Siemens Medical Solutions, Erlangen, Germany) by two independent, qualified investigators (ESZ, AA) under the supervision and active participation of a German Society for Ultrasound in Medicine (DEGUM) Level III qualified examiner (CG, internal medicine) with more than 35 years of US experience.17 (link) With the patient laying supine, the curvilinear transducer (6C1) was placed gently on an area of the abdomen where the OM was optimally visualised. Focus and gain were adjusted as needed. The echogenicity of the lesion was classified as hypoechoic or isoechoic/hyperechoic compared with that of the spleen as an in vivo reference. Both echogenicity, and thickness of the of the OM (largest diameter in cm), as well as the presence of ascites were evaluated on B-mode US.
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3

Echocardiographic Assessment of Heart Transplant

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Images were obtained on Siemens Acuson Sequoia (Siemens Medical Solutions, Erlangen, Germany), Philips IE33, or Philips EPIQ7 ultrasound machines (Philips Medical Systems, Best, The Netherlands). A standard protocol was utilized for all echocardiograms including multiple acquisitions of the short axis at the level of the papillary muscles and the apical 4-chamber view to ensure adequate visualization of the endocardial border. All echocardiograms were obtained by a core group of 6 sonographers with additional training in the heart transplant protocol. Although the heart transplant protocol includes assessment at the base and apex in the short axis and the 2-chamber and 3-chamber apical views, due to variable image quality, these images were not analyzed.
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4

Comprehensive Echocardiographic Assessment Protocol

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Echocardiography was performed in a blinded manner by experienced echocardiographers using standard techniques.21 (link)23 (link)
Echocardiography parameters included LV ejection fraction (LVEF), LV diastolic diameter, LV systolic diameter (LVSD), interventricular septum wall thickness, posterior wall thickness, maximum wall thickness, LV mass, LV mass index (LVMI), left atrium volume, right atrium and ventricle dimensions and areas, right ventricular fractional area change (RV-FAC), inferior vena cava diameter, tricuspid regurgitation pressure gradient (TRPG), and tissue Doppler-derived tricuspid lateral annular systolic velocity (tricuspid valve S’).21 (link)23 (link)
LVEF was calculated using Simpson’s method. RV-FAC, defined as (end diastolic area–end systolic area)/end diastolic area×100, was a measure of RV systolic function.22 (link)
LV mass and LVMI were determined as previously reported.21 (link)
All measurements were performed using ultrasound systems (ACUSON Sequoia, Siemens Medical Solutions USA, Mountain View, CA, USA).
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5

Activation and Imaging of Ultrasound Droplets

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Imaging and activation were evaluated with a clinical ultrasound scanner (Acuson Sequoia, Siemens Medical Solutions, Malvern, PA, USA) in tissue harmonic B-mode imaging (15L8 probe, transmit at 7 MHz, receive at 14 MHz). A phantom prepared in a cylindrical mold was acclimated to a 20°C water bath on top of an acoustic absorber to limit reflections. The transducer power was lowered to a mechanical index (MI) of 0.20 to initially position the transducer without activating the droplets. Focus was set to 2 cm, approximately 9 mm below the top of the phantom. Videos were acquired at a frame rate of 1 Hz as the output power and mechanical index was slowly incremented to full output power (MI = 1.8). Following activation, output power was reduced to below activation threshold for comparison.
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6

Evaluation of Cardiac Biomarkers Post-PCI

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After primary PCI, blood samples were obtained every 3 h, and the peak CK and CK-MB levels of each sample were measured. Blood samples for calculating PRECISE-DAPT score were obtained at hospital discharge. Echocardiography was performed blindly by experienced echocardiographers to assess left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF) using the modified Simpson’s biplane method. All measurements were performed using ultrasound systems (ACUSON Sequoia, Siemens Medical Solutions USA, Inc., Mountain View, CA, USA).
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7

Comprehensive Echocardiographic Assessment Protocol

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Echocardiography was performed using standard techniques by experienced echocardiographers at our hospital (ACUSON Sequoia, Siemens Medical Solutions USA, Inc., Mountain View, CA, USA). Echocardiographic parameters included left ventricular ejection fraction (LVEF), interventricular septum (IVST), left ventricular end‐diastolic diameter (LVDd), left ventricular end‐systolic diameter (LVDs), posterior wall (PWT), LVMI, the E/A ratio and deceleration time of transmitral flow velocity, and the ratio of early transmitral flow velocity to mitral annular velocity (mitral valve E/e′). LVEF was calculated using Simpson's method, and LVMI was calculated based on the following formula:{0.8 × (1.04[(LVDd + PWT +IVST)3 – (LVDd)3]) + 0.6}/body surface area (Lang et al., 2015). Mitral valve E/e′ was calculated by transmitral Doppler flow and tissue Doppler imaging. Tissue Doppler imaging was obtained from the average of septal annulus velocities.
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8

Ultrasound Evaluation of Masses

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The ultrasound machines used were the ACUSON Sequoia (Siemens, Germany) and Aplio500 (Canon, Japan), each equipped with a high-frequency linear array probe of 4-9 MHz and 5-14 MHz, respectively. During the scanning procedure, the mass was positioned at an appropriate depth to capture the maximum cross-section in both longitudinal and transverse views. The maximum diameter of the mass was then measured. Subsequently, the color Doppler flow imaging mode was employed, and adjustments were made to the color gain and wall filter settings to enhance the visualization of color blood flow signals within and around the mass. Still images and dynamic videos were recorded in DICOM format for further analysis.
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9

BRAF Mutation Detection Protocol for Thyroid Lesions

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All clinicopathological data, including age, sex, and BRAF status, were collected from the medical records. For the BRAF mutation analysis, an AmoyDx® BRAF Mutation Detection Kit (V2) (ADx-BR02; Amoy Diagnostics Co., Ltd., Xiamen, China) was utilized. The detection of the mutation was performed using a next-generation sequencing method, followed by a real-time fluorescence polymerase chain reaction–amplification refractory mutation system.
US examinations were performed using a 5–14-MHz transducer (Siemens, ACUSON Sequoia, Siemens Medical Solutions USA, Inc., Malvern, PA, USA) by radiologists with at least 8 years of experience performing thyroid US evaluations. The US characteristics of each lesion, including diameter, texture, echo, boundary rule, presence of calcification, and capsule invasion, were evaluated by an independent radiologist (W.L.).
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10

Echocardiographic Assessment of TAVR Patients

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Standard echocardiograms at baseline and after TAVR were performed using commercially available equipment (Vivid 7 and Vivid 9, GE Healthcare, Chicago, IL; Acuson Sequoia, Siemens, Berlin, Germany). Cardiac morphology was assessed using diameters and areas as well as volumetric measurements in standard 4‐ and 2‐chamber views.[12 (link)] Semiquantitative assessment of left ventricular function was performed by experienced readers using multiple acoustic windows and categorized into normal (≥55%), mildly reduced (45–54%), moderately reduced (30–44%), and severely reduced (<30%). Valve stenosis and regurgitation were quantified using an integrated approach and graded as none, mild, mild to moderate, moderate, moderate to severe, and severe according to current guidelines.[13 (link), 14 (link)] Systolic pulmonary artery pressures were calculated by adding the peak tricuspid regurgitation systolic gradient to the estimated central venous pressure.
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